How Influential Is Macbeth’s Ambition? Essay

In ‘Macbeth’, a play set in Scotland, William Shakespeare wrote a tragedy of one man’s ambition. It is the shortest of Shakespeare’s tragedies, and has a very fast pace. It tells the story of Macbeth’s ambition to be king, and the chain of damage he causes by pursuing this ambition. This ambition is the fatal flaw that causes his ultimate downfall. Once Macbeth’s lifelong ambition seems to be fulfilled, it causes consequences that his mind cannot handle. The play shows that one may get easily influenced by other people when he/she is over- ambitious. Ambition is something that everyone can identify with, and ‘Macbeth’ is a compelling study of how ambition can destroy you, so the audience are automatically interested in Macbeth’s character. When we are first introduced to Macbeth, he is already ambitious. But by being tempted to the extremes by two sources of external evil – the witches and his wife, his ambitions are only increased by making them seem like they could be a reality. The witches and Lady Macbeth, whom are both truly evil figures, influence Macbeth heavily throughout the play, and both exploit his ambition to become king. Their influence is the reason Macbeth’s ambition spirals so out of control and ends in tragedy. Our first impression of Macbeth is of a heroic, famous, popular man who is well liked by the king – In Act 1 Scene 2 Duncan refers to Macbeth as â€Å"noble Macbeth†. We first meet Macbeth in Act 1 Scene 3, when he and Banquo have arrived to meet the witches. Macbeth’s first words; â€Å"So foul and fair a day I have not seen† immediately associate him with the witches, because they say in Act 1 Scene 1; â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair†, so evil is brought to mind. Macbeth is connected with the supernatural in the audience’s mind from the onset. This is the first thing that is not consistent with Macbeth’s image of a war hero. In this scene, the witches declare that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and also king of Scotland. Macbeth strongly believes the witches words, especially after the first part of the prophecy comes true, he begins to think the second part may also come true. Their prophecies influence his ambition as seen in an aside, when he begins to consider murdering Duncan, the current king of Scotland. The aside follows closely Macbeth’s desires and doubts – he does not know whether these prophecies are good or bad, but he dearly wants to be king. â€Å"If good, why do I yield to that suggestion/ whose horrid image doth unfix my hair/ and make my seated heart knock at my ribs,/ against the use of nature?†. However, we can sense that Macbeth doesn’t actually want to murder Duncan, as he is horrified by these murderous thoughts. But Macbeth cannot stop thinking about what the witches have said, showing that he is considering the idea and is drawn to it, and that he has ambitions to be king within him already. In Act 1 Scene 5, Macbeth’s wife, Lady Macbeth, also influences Macbeth’s ambition. She is revealed to be very driven and ruthless, and she clearly wants Macbeth to be king. She says; â€Å"Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it†, meaning that Macbeth is not without ambition, but lack of ruthlessness that is needed to become king. She influences him to kill Duncan. She also encourages him to conceal his feelings, telling him to; â€Å"Look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under’t†. Lady Macbeth is telling Macbeth to look respectful and welcoming and happy on the outside, but to hide his plotting and scheming and evils inside. Lady Macbeth’s ability to influence her husband leads us to believe that she is the primary cause for the destruction of Macbeth. She is the biggest encouragement to his ambition, since she uses her husbands trust to change her own future. In Act 1 Scene 7, evidence that Macbeth has a human side and is very worried is found in a long soliloquy – a speech where Macbeth is alone on stage so we can again see what Macbeth is thinking. He is worried about his eternal soul, and what his punishment will be in heaven if he kills Duncan. He thinks of reasons why he should not kill Duncan, and comes to the conclusion that the only reason he is doing it is because of his strong ambition. When Macbeth decides not to continue with their plan to murder Duncan, Lady Macbeth urges him to act on his desires and ambition or he will think of himself as a coward. She exploits his ambition by questioning it when she says; â€Å"Art thou afeard/ To be the same in thine own act and valour As thou art in desire?† She manipulates him further, calling him a coward and insulting his manhood, knowing that Macbeth will want to prove himself. This shows that Lady Macbeth is somewhat responsible for Macbeth’s downfall because, she drives him to go through with the murder and makes up the details of the plan to kill Duncan, while Macbeth was considering not even going through with the it. Although Macbeth had the thought of killing Duncan, he would not have acted on that thought unless Lady Macbeth persuaded him. Lady Macbeth is a sly person, able to manipulate her husband, and this ability to manipulate Macbeth makes her partially responsible for the destruction of Macbeth. She makes sure he will perform the deed by taking an active role in preparing for the murder: framing the two chamberlains and cleaning up afterwards. As Macbeth worries about failing to carry out the plan, Lady Macbeth tells him to screw up his courage and they wouldnt fail. Encouraged by his wife, Macbeth murders King Duncan who stays as a guest in his castle. Macbeth then becomes king of Scotland. Although Macbeth becomes king, he cannot have peace. His endless ambitions lead him into misery. Being obsessed by the witches’s prophecies, he even tries to control his future. He remembers the witches’s predictions that his friend Banquo’s sons will be kings of Scotland. Macbeth considers Banquo and his son Fleance as threats to his security as King. Although outwardly friendly to Banquo, Macbeth is jealous and fearful of him. Plagued by worry and to prevent this from happening, Macbeth orders three men to kill Banquo and his son. Macbeth’s desire to gain wealth and status completely overpowers him. He becomes more ambitious than his wife, and finds himself drained and drained of emotion, as we see in Act 3 Scene 1. â€Å"He hath a wisdom that doth guide his valour to act in safety. There is none but he Whose being I do fear; and under him My genius is rebuked, as it is said Mark Antonys was by Caesar. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, And put a barren scepter in my gripe, Thence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding †. Throughout the play Macbeth is undermined by his insatiable ambition. Macbeth was at first reasonable enough to keep his ambition in check, however it eventually became too strong for even Macbeth and therefore over-powered him. Reasoning was abandoned after the decision to kill Duncan was made. At that point we see no serious questioning of the motives of the three witches when he is told of their cunning and misleading predictions. The decision to kill Duncan also signified the last serious attempt at moral contemplation on the part of Macbeth. Throughout the novel we see that the Macbeth’s ambition completely subverted their reasoning abilities and eventually lead to his downfall. Macbeth, whom initially was a very reasonable and moral man, could not hold off the lure of ambition. Macbeth’s excessive ambition motivates him to murder Duncan, and once the evil act is accomplished, he sets into motion a series of sinister events that ultimately lead to his downfall. We see this when he says; â€Å"I am in blood stepped in so far that should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o’er†. Macbeth is saying that he is so accustomed to the idea of murder that he will now be able to wade through a sea of blood. This is very ironic, as previously in the play, Macbeth had feared that he would never be able to wash the blood from Dunca’s murder off his hands. During the course of the play, Macbeth changes from a person with some moral sense to a man who will stop at nothing to get and keep what he wants. Although we are presented with his deterioration from good to evil, we can see his human side throughout the play, which makes it a tragedy. Once Macbeth’s ambition has ‘set the ball rolling’, events happen quickly in the play as it gathers momentum. This intense ambition leads to his downfall.

Yeats Easter

â€Å"Easter 1916† – manuscripts the events of Easter revolution in Ireland. It was Written in 1916 and Published only in 1921. The Question remains in the readers mind that â€Å"Was the revolution really necessary or was it unnecessary death? † The language in poem is simple and straight which makes use of figure of speech like slimly and metaphor. The poem conveys the moral that individual, war, friendship and relationship are more important in the world.We must have self control and shouldn't complain if the things go wrong. In the poem Yeats is taking the role of flamers and he is giving the description of normal dally lives of people. He also tells that he wants to go and meet his friends at theatre and say â€Å"A terrible beauty Is born†. This shows a dualistic nature of rising. It said a terrible beauty because It caused death and beauty of their step towards Independence. The revolution caused many problems which ruined the normal days of people as shown in the poem.Yeats describe about a revolutionist woman leader to be placed at a cabinet position ho is both a socialist and politician. She was left alone in Ireland by her husband who moved to Ukraine. She belongs to IIRC and designed uniform and national anthem for IIRC. RIB Leaders includes Patrick Pears: Leader of RIB, teacher, poet, nationalist and activist. Pears, he was the head of RIB and he delivered the proclamation speech on 24th of April at General Post Office. The second includes McBride: Member of RIB, husband to Yeats Love; Maude Gonne.Thirdly, James Connelly: Who Founded Irish Republican Society and Irish Citizen Army he was ideation at G. P. O leading 150 rebels as commandment- General. Followed by Marketable a Nationalist, suffragette and socialist, she Is also a first woman to hold cabinet position In world. She Designed uniforms and composed anthem for RIB. She motivated and inspired many other revolutionist. Lastly Macdonald: who contributed to the Proc lamation speech. He was stationed at Jacob Biscuit. They planned a movement during the early spring to actually revolt against British rules.By then England was heavily involved in war with their allies. Irish nationalists ND revolutionist thought it would be great opportunity to fight for the revolution. They made friends with Germany and got helped in terms of weapons and ammos to fight against Britain. Yeats have written this poem as legacy in memory of Macdonald, McBride, Connelly, and Pears who are all untied by their commitment to their dream of freedom, giving Ireland everything they could for the good thing to happen.Yeats continues to say, wherever the split of Ireland Is represented by people wearing the color â€Å"green,† and those people will be forever changed-Yeats also describes how nature is corresponding to the Irish revolution which is very that is to achieve freedom for Ireland as if like a stone which can be resembled as an island of destiny because of th eir excessive love towards Ireland which made them revolt against British rules. Revolution is simply disturbing the social lives of people and their privacy.It means if the revolution continues then there is the chance that people will become emotionalism with heart in nature which can further more lead to much destruction. Yeats says only God can help. Though Ireland is happy for its independence Yeats is not as happy about the revolution as he says that those revolutionaries were very impatient to gain independence as British rules has actually promised the homeland for self governing but revolutionaries were so eager to fight.The revolution left 300 civilians, 200 soldiers & revolutionist dead, 2500 wounded, 15 leaders executed and 1841 sent to prison. The main theme if the poem is Art and politics which reflects Yeast's opinion of the British politics on Ireland. The Impact of fate and Divine on History is also included in the poem. He explains to us about the Fate and historic al determinism time. We can also see Yeast's transformation from being romantic poet to modernist poet. The poet has a perfect command over words.He has also deep insight in to human character. The characters of RIB have been pointed with great skills which seem simply is unforgettable. This shows the basic honesty and simplicity of the poet. The poem ends on a note of hope as the poem makes delightful reading simply because the very sincere about his ideas. He neither neither boasts nor hide anything. The toe is a patron of music and possesses a pictorial quality to build up an atmosphere of rare charm and reality.The quality of the poem is unquestionable. I can't name another poet which contains so much beauty as this person. The poem is very much optimistic and sentimental with the help of deep poetic inside. He creates realistic feeling in the readers mind. â€Å"Wherever green is worn/Are changed, changed utterly' these lines are unforgettable and a delight wonders. The poet o scillates between the present and the past, between Joy and despair and feels miserable.

Critique the literature on Intercultural (Business) Communication Essay - 1

Critique the literature on Intercultural (Business) Communication - Essay Example In business, there has to be a common language. Thus, English has emerged as the basic official language for businesses in the corporate world. This may seem as a step towards intercultural communication, but Charles (2007, p. 278) differs. He says that the choice of languages is a tricky issue. He highlights the complex nature of it and argues that that English is more present in multinational regions thus creating its own operational culture. In a sense, it merges the culture of a region with the required operational necessities of the business under question. One has to fully consider the regions and their cultures before venturing into that market. Without proper analysis of these factors, one will not fully grasp the market that is available. This makes entrepreneurs have to do quite a lot of research before venturing. According to Johnson (2006, p. 539), scholars and researchers have only looked at cultural competence as a collection of attributes that are measurable in terms of knowledge, skill and technical know-how of cross-cultural communication instead of paying more attention on the effectiveness the attributes if and when applied correctly. That is to say, rather than just talk/teach about it, those that are informed should practice these attributes in order to achieve maximum prowess as business people. Thus, now people should be educated in ways of making effective uses of these attributes rather than just being taught about them. This will help bridge the gap that occurs between the two cultures. Holmes (2012, p. 708) looks at the concept of cultural competence in another light. Though many scholars have come up with different ways looking at cultural competence, they have failed to take into consideration of the methodology used. He uses the PEER – Prepare, Engage, Evaluate, Reflect – model

CRJ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

CRJ - Essay Example There are several examples which serve as proof for the fact that children raised in households by parents who had previously committed suicides or crimes like the report in the San Diego Union Tribune about two step-brothers, whose father had committed suicide, strangling and chopping off their mother’s body. In another case a two brothers attacked their father with a baseball and followed it by setting the house on fire in order to hide the evidence. They were raised in a foster home as their mother left them and were later returned to the custody of their father as the foster parents were unable to handle them (Morse, 2003). There are several theories that support the fact that children who are raised without a father lacked maturity and in their later years they tend to assert their maleness by committing acts of delinquency. In the 1920s boys who were lodged in reformatories in New York majorly hailed from broken homes (Juvenile Delinquency, n.d). Morse has also stated that a 1994 report from the Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Service found that a majority of juvenile delinquents came from broken families or single-parents homes (Morse, 2003). The explanation given to such problems was greater exposure to criminal activities due to parental conflicts or other reasons such as alcoholism and drugs in single-parent households. Additionally in single parent households, the parent finds it difficult to supervise and control their child and prevent them from engaging in criminal activities. There is a general lack of family interaction in such households which are further burdened by emotional an d economic problems. Another criteria pointed out by Morse is the lack of educational attainment by children raised by single parents who drop out of school early. This in turn encourages them to engage in criminal activities in order to make a living. A similar

Being an Anthropologist Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Case study questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Does a welfare state benefit society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Does a welfare state benefit society - Essay Example Therefore, it is important to understand that a welfare state looks after the good beings of the people and the people who live in different countries of the nations. Some nation copies the example of these welfare state so that they could become perfect and also become top-ranked in the world the concept of welfare state is adopted by different people of the nations. In the end, it would be important to mention again that a welfare state is very important for the overall working basis of a country. Every nation must try it's very best to become a welfare state so that its people could live in prosperity and there are no issues for one another. A welfare state is thus a very important ingredient for bringing people together on one platform. This is needed for nation-building and unity which is very necessary in times which are trouble. The leaders must put emphasis on having a welfare state so that the people can elect them again to serve these people in return (Castles 2004). The le aders should be accountable for all their actions and steps so that there are no problems at all for the people living in these countries. Every government must try to become a welfare state so that it could serve the cause of its own men and woman and this is important in order to have prosperity, growth, and development within the infrastructure of the country. In the long term, this will have more productivity within the country itself which is a very important thing toward achieving the goals.

Humor and madness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Humor and madness - Essay Example Seriously, what are the odds of someone who faked insanity to escape his punishment suddenly taking on messianic attributes en route to â€Å"liberating† a group of mentally ill patients? In a fictional setting of course its viable. This happenstance borders on the fantastic, and it is highly remote that people could just walk into asylums on the pretext of chicanery and â€Å"heal† the insane with the power of laughter. The novel shows us the great divide between humor and madness as a form of symbolism in connoting sanity vis-à  -vis insanity. In the dour, oppressive wards of the asylum people are so rooted in madness that they have completely forgotten how it is to legitimately feel happiness and appreciate humor. And then comes McMurphy, whose witty, cheery approach enlivens up a ward which hadn’t heard true laughter in years. The novel highlights the fact that those embroiled in madness no longer have the capability to experience real joy. Thus, humor serves as a virtual shield for the protagonist, lest he fall into the same trap that the patients have found themselves in. He utilizes humor so that it would serve as insulation from the madness around him, but in the process he inspires the rest of the occupants of the ward. The relationship between humor and madness go hand in hand as the story unfolds, with humor standing as a unique symbol for free-thinking, fully functional human bei ngs and the absence thereof showing a descent into the recesses of madness. Once Mcmurphy has gradually empowered the patients with his own brand of rebellious humor, the reader would get a distinct notion that the patients had actually improved and that they were slowly entering the realm of reason again. This was clearly manifested in the scene where Harding, Scanlon, Sefelt and Doctor Spivey all could truly laugh at the end of their bending-the-rules fishing expedition. It is quite obvious that a reasonable understanding of the

SCIE210 Unit 2IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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How surface area of vanes effect Essay Example for Free

How surface area of vanes effect Essay Hypothesis I predict that by increasing the surface area of the vanes on the wind vane, I will increase the air resistance therefore slowing the rate at which the weight will drop. Primary Work If a piece of paper and a marble are in free fall, they will fall at the same speed, so they should hit the ground at the same time. If you test this by just dropping a marble and a piece of paper you will find it is not true. This is because the objects are not in free fall. To be in free fall, gravity has to be the only force acting on the objects. When you just drop something, there is also air resistance. Air resistance is a type of fluid friction. Because friction acts in the opposite direction of the objects motion, air resistance of an object falling downward is an upward force. This is because a falling object is coming down, so the opposite direction is up. If air resistance were equal for every object, objects would still fall at the same rate. Since we know they do not fall at the same rate, we know air resistance is different for different objects. The amount of air resistance acting on an object depends on the objects surface area. If an object has a small surface area, it will have little air resistance. Because the piece of paper has a larger surface area than the marble, the marble will have less air resistance than the piece of paper and the paper will fall slower. This is what I expect to happen with a wind vane. As the wind vane turns, air resistance will act on each of the separate vanes. By increasing the surface area of the vanes, I will increase the air resistance therefore making the rate at which the weight drops slower, because there is more opposing force. Theory Newtons law of gravity and Galileos freefall theory state that objects of any mass will fall to the ground at the same time if in a complete vacuum i. e. space, if not in a complete vacuum i. e. earth, they will fall at different times because of air resistance (and weight). The air resistance depends on the surface area of the object, the larger the surface area, the more amount of air resistance. In the case of a wind vane, the objects dropping are the separate vanes. Plan Of Experiment I will drop a 15g weight from a piece of string; this string will be attached to an axel which is further attached to a wind vane. Firstly the string will be coiled around the axel then when let go, the weight will drop and the wind vane will turn to create opposing force. I will time the rate at which it falls. My dependant factor will be the time the weight takes to hit the table. My independent factor will be the surface area of the vanes. To ensure a fair test, my controls will be the distance from the table and the weight of the falling object. Apparatus   Stand Clamp 20g Weight 55cm of String   Axel   Cork With Equal Slits For Vanes   Card For Vanes   Stopwatch Method 1. I will set up the equipment as shown below. 2. I will cut out 6 vanes with a certain surface area and put them into their corresponding slits in the cork. 3. I will coil the string attached to the weight around the axel and then drop it. I will time the time it takes for the weight to hit the table and record my results. 4. I will repeat the experiment for accuracy of results Results Surface Area (cm) 1st Try (secs) 2nd Try (secs) Average (2. d. p) 3 1. 8 1. 6 1. 7 4 2. 4 2. 3 2. 35 5 3. 2 3. 4 3. 3 6 3. 9 3. 7 3. 8 7 4. 4 4. 3 4. 35 8 4. 7 4. 5 4. 6 9 5. 4 5. 7 5. 55 10 6. 3 6. 5 6. 4 Graph Of Averages = Line Of Best Fit Conclusion I have found that I was right in my hypothesis in thinking that the larger the surface area of the vanes on a wind vane, the more time it takes for a weight attached to it by means of an axel to fall. This was because, as stated in my theory and primary work, the surface area increased the amount of air resistance and this force opposed gravity which was pulling the weight down, therefore making it travel slower. This is shown in my graph as a positive correlation. Evaluation I had no major anomalous results, this was down to accurate measuring and because I kept my experiment fair. After doing this experiment I would like to be able to calculate the actual amount of air resistance created by a wind vane and see if there is any relationship between surface area and amount of air resistance.

Employment in America Essay Example for Free

Employment in America Essay The United States is amongst the global states which are embracing low rates of unemployment. Except for the Latin America which is fiercely allied to high informal employment the rest of the American continent is having a low unemployment rate which goes as low as 3% compared to 55-60% for most Asian and African countries. Broadly, the effects of law rate of unemployment in the US can be allied to the interaction phenomena in both the macroeconomic and microeconomic structures which have acted to influence the broad array of the economic growth. The state of the economy is stable with few challenges into the inhibitors of poor states of economy. Over decade of years, US have enjoyed the superiority context into a stable state of the economy with elsewhere high purchasing power of the American dollar. Across the global imagery, it has enjoyed various economic benefits and economic integrations of its stable state of economy and strong purchasing power of its currency. High state of economic activity have been the launching pad and the benchmark into high capital inflows from other states through foreign investment in America and the economies allied to favorable balance of payments enjoyed by the America. From the favorability in the economic structures, America has continued to embrace the economic structures of a macroeconomic capacity which provide instruments for high rates of employment. For states within the Latin American region, the high rate of informal employment is much functional and beneficiary with even better wages than most formal employments in the developing countries. Broadly, the high rate of employment/low rate of unemployment in American can summarily be explained by the operation interlinkage between various macroeconomic and microeconomic structures. However, the great deal behind this situation can be credited to the macroeconomic variables which are captured in the broad economic equation. Elsewhere, the fiscal and monitory variables in the functional outlay of the American system provides an adequate pursuit for moral sense of high rates of employment. (Riggs, 2004) At one level, microeconomic variables lobby in to define the factors at an individual level which influence and determine the state of employment. This is mostly credited to the reciprocating factors in the relationship between household income and the levels of consumption and savings. Generally, the economic model of personal income is described as a function of consumption and saving. The relative changes to one another gives the respective marginal propensities (to consume and save). The two are reciprocals of one another where a decrease in one will increase the other. However, within America, the individual population has high marginal propensity to save due to the high income obtained from the formal employment and informal cases. With high saving ratios, the population is able to finance investment cost for new investment structure. The general investment portfolio within the US is highly favorable and highly growing to shoulder in the relatively high employment requirements. High investment structures provide an adequate room with which the broader human population is able to be absorbed within the employment structures. (Riggs, 2004) Macroeconomic influences provide a great refuge for creating employment opportunities. Such macroeconomic tools can be defined in terms of the economic environment to yield adequate economic conditions for a high rate of employment. Generally, the fiscal economic variable does a lot to provide adequate environment for ensuring high state of economic activity. Generally, the federal government has done a lot about its spending to the public. High government spending has been a benchmark in the foundations of high states of economic activity which does not compromise high employment rates. Government spending has been of a diverse nature in which it has provided various insurance allowances to the unemployed above other social structures allied to the public population. Government spending has helped to increase the broad income supply within the public. High expenditure has been an instrument in to the provision of capital for investment by the people. Elsewhere, the federal government has been in the forefront in instituting various structures aimed at providing adequate environment in its investment in government investment. Fiscal policy has also been promoted by various adequate systems in its taxing structure. Consequently, the taxing system has provided a comprehensive package of desirable rate of taxes which are less prone driving out investors from the economy due to losses through government taxation. Through adequate levels of taxes which include tax exemption and rebates for various persons within the economy, the people and investment bodies have embraced the value consequence allied to such law rates of taxes. (Riggs, 2004) Within the America, the monitory policy does a lot in providing an adequate environment for high rates of employment and the reduction of various unemployment inequalities borne of the people. The strong sense of the monitory policy provides a structure with which capital inflow is available. Indeed, America is amongst the global states in which case capital inflow is subordinately of high scale and encompassing no monitory rigidities. Broadly, the American monitory policy can be described in terms of the state of money supply and the demand for American dollar. However, the two sides (both the demand and the supply conditions) show a concrete rigidity in their equilibrium level. The state of money supply is equal to the relative demand which helps to provide an attractive state of equilibrium. With equilibrium in the money market, the American dollar has embraced a high state of purchasing power. Economically, such high purchasing power has been the backbone of facilitating high capital inflows within the states. High purchasing power has provided economic advantage in the international symmetry of economic integrations. Through favorable conditions of economic integrations, America has embraced high capital inflows from its trading partners. (Riggs, 2004) Alternatively a positive challenge into the monitoring system has been a solid factor for the influence of a positive balance of payment. Economically, desirable conditions and states of the monetary marketing are discretionally importance factors in determining the state of employment. Every high employment is an in depended variable of the state of monitory policies. Conceptually, stable monetary economy defines the stability in the economic integration and the parameters of balance of payments. A stable economy is discretionary important for providing structures aimed at improving the state of employment. For every essence of capital inflow within America, this has been a foundation aimed at improving the export level and decreasing the state of foreign imports. Every aspect of high exports than imports helps to improve the state of employment. To America, the low rates of unemployment are counter factors determined by the existing state of high export than imports. Stability in the economic state and the purchasing power of the currency has helped to improve the state of capital inflow within America High capital investment from the foreign world which has helped to improve the existing state of employment states. Summarily, the low state of unemployment in America can be allied to the prevailing economic structures existing within the American economy. The same has favored the stable state of investment which has on the other hand helped to increase the rate of employment within the state.

Tangible and Intangible Resources

Tangible and Intangible Resources In the fast pace development of the technology market,  enterprises tangible and intangible resources is a competitive advantage on the basis of tangible resources is the basis for enterprise development, the invisible resources are the engine of growth of competitive advantage, two of those are the source of competitive advantages. This article will be the fast-paced development of technology market premise, according to some examples, focusing on the importance of tangible and intangible resources company competition (Hill, Jones, 2009). Define Tangible and intangible resources: Tangible resources are visible, can use the direct measurement of the monetary resources, including material resources and financial resources E.g Tangible resources; 2009, Samsung Electronics, the market value has reached $ 110.2 billion, the first time beyond Intel became the the global revenues largest semiconductor manufacturers 1. Samsungs sales of $ 117.8 billion in 2009, has surpassed HP to become the the global revenues largest electronics companies 2. Is the worlds second largest chip factory, second in size only to Intel 3 in 2008 is the worlds top 21 products, up market share in the market supplier Intangible resources. A wide range of content, such as trademarks, patents, proprietary technology, customer relationships, corporate image, corporate culture, these intangible resources in the process of production and operation of enterprises play an indispensable role. E.g Intangible resources: Korea 8782 patents registered in the United States last year, 3611 applications for Samsung Electronics, Samsung Electronics, Samsung Electronics, Samsung Electronics, the percentage of more than 40%. Samsungs brand value grew fivefold from $ 3.1 billion in 1999 to $ 16.2 billion in 2006 ( Hitt, Ireland, 2008). Analysis of several fast-paced technology companies examples and reasons The definition of the technology market: the places engaged in the technical intermediary services and technical operations of goods. To promote scientific and technological achievements into practical productive forces for the purpose, specifically to carry out technology development, technology transfer, technical consulting, technical services, technical contract; production or distribution of the research to test new products and technology products; organization and conduct of the promotion and application of technological achievements and other technical coverage involving all areas of technology (Tietze , 2012). The cell phone industry, as a modern high-tech industry, has a certain representation, several typical company I will for example in the mobile phone industry to analyze: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Samsung Group was founded in 1938, investment in the establishment of Samsung Electronics Company in 1969, involving semiconductors, mobile phones, monitors, laptops, televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners, digital cameras, and IT products and other field In many areas in technology, Samsung has become the worlds leading technology innovation company, it has created a series of state-of-the-art technology, including mobile phones, hand-held computing devices, flat panel displays, as well as ultra-thin laptops. (Viardot, 2004). Apple Inc Apples major industries, including computer software. Hardware. Phone handheld entertainment aspect. Overall have five production lines: Mac, iPod the iPhone and the iPad, i Tune, known for the product i pod digital music player is i Tunes music store, these are containing innovative the high-tech, i phone pioneered mobile devices new start, IPHONE3G of the software revolution (Sengupta, Slater, 2009). NOKIA In 1865, Nokia was founded in Finland, Nokia smart phone, entertainment, phone, navigation, phone, have a high technology technology Nokia developed areas including third-generation wireless systems, multimedia applications, network management, mobile phone and other sounds data, video terminals. To maintain its leading position in the rapid development of the telecommunications market (GruneWalder, 2008). What role do they play in this types of market what are they? Based on analysis of the tangible and intangible resources of Nokia and Apple Nokias tangible resources Material resources: Nokia to light electric transmission as the center of development, laying the foundation for Nokias semiconductor technology industry. Such as ABS engineering techniques, this technique has the performance of heat-resistant and impact, due to the lower cost of this technique, the majority of computer manufacturers to use. Financial resources: Nokia in Chinas development, the establishment of three joint venture companies, mobile phone production, as well as network equipment, China is the largest market of Nokia, the worlds largest investment areas, due to the low cost of production and processing of the Chinese market, so Nokia to focus on China, in addition to the establishment of a global integrated financial plan, a reasonable business strategy Nokia intangible resources Company brand: Nokia founded in Finland, with a long history, and a good social reputation, through continuous research and innovation, powerful software support and network services, so that, on the company in the smart phone, navigation technically are in a leading position in the company with OVI Internet, in the music store, online game store, providing services to obtain the value Technology: Nokias development, always in the front of the R D development center, working to develop new technologies, including third-generation wireless systems, multimedia applications, to meet customers needs, increasing the mass market to maintain the rapid development of the territory Goodwill: consumers said user for the first time agree, it is only with the GSM technology, the exterior design of the TV for the first time large-screen displays, mobile phones scroll able text menu, the user used to say, very good,leave a very good impression (Hoskisson, 2008) Apple tangible resources Product Resources: 2000 i Pod digital music player, with the unique i Tunes music download system, beat some very powerful company and a global share of the first portable player, i pod series launch, more solid Apple position in the music market, i phone combined with a new product of the i pod and Apple TV, the birth of this product, so Apples successful transformation from computer production to the electronic company Financial resources Apples PC and one of the multimedia company, Apple increased net income $ 1,335 one billion, they have the ability to obtain credit. The tissue Apple also has many systems f control. Apple controls all aspects of the computer, it can provide customers with a complete desktop solution, including hardware, software and peripherals, Physical resources Apple company established in California. Apple is a global company with offices around the. They develop good computer on the market with the best materials. Technology Apple invented a lot of patents, they developed the first PC, the PCs graphical user interface (GUI), a point, and then click the mouse, the laser printer, the iPod and iTunes. Apple also includes a window system, investigation procedures, such as Aldus, Page Maker and Microsoft Excel. Apples products are user-friendly and unique Apple intangible resources Apples human resources, the Cupertino, California in the heart of Silicon Valley, bringing together the most talent and an attractive location. The best schools in the country in a very short drive from Apples main campus, including Stanford University, the University of California, Barkley, and Santa Clara University. There are so many schools nearby, they enjoy a rich cultural and educational opportunities. Innovation Apple invented the PC graphical user interface. Nearly a decade, the the Apple monopoly graphical user interface. When Jobs returned, he manages a hire people who do not want to make the best products in the world of innovation. The key is to let the people with the passion for excellence. Apple now has scientific skills, enabling them to innovation, promote the patent (Afuah, 2009) What is the impact on the companies industry? Business development, competitors may soon have tangible physical capital resources, but the long-term advantages of intangible resources but is hard to beat. Well-known enterprises of the industrial countries, the value of intangible resources generally exceed the value of physical resources, intangible resources these enterprises trade and occupy the international market and expand the social impact will become an important weapon (Tessiopoulos, 2005). The importance of the intangible resources. Enterprise as a social and economic organization. While tangible resources. Also has a wide variety and difficult measurement and grasp the intangible resources. A wide range of content, such as trademarks, patents, proprietary technology, customer relationships, corporate image, corporate culture, these intangible resources in the production development process plays an irreplaceable role. Trademark. Trademark is used to identify the specific goods or services of the mark, it means the right to use a particular name or pattern specialize in certain specified goods or products generally include the exclusive right to use and the prohibition of the right to two aspects. Patent. The patent refers to the national patent authorities in accordance with the law grant the inventions patented applicants enjoyed exclusive rights within a certain period of their inventions. The patent generally include three aspects of the invention patents, utility model patents and design patents. Valid patent law Proprietary technology. The proprietary technology means known to the outside world, has been used in the production and operation activities, a variety of skills and experience do not enjoy legal protection. Generally include the proprietary technology of the industrial, commercial trade proprietary technology, management know-how, etc.. Corporate image. Corporate image usually refers to the publics evaluation of a company and its products, beliefs and attitudes. Mainly include the popularity and reputation, corporate values, managerial and technical factors such as the comprehensive, implied a huge potential force behind the production and business activities of enterprises. Customer relationships. Customer relationship usually refers to the purchase of customer and sales of enterprise products, services, manufacturing enterprises in the formation of long-term exchanges and work with each other relationship, this relationship is the invisible presence of a lot of influence, for the improvement of enterprise product sales. Enterprises cultural. The corporate culture is the enterprise ideology as the core corporate values, corporate value, business philosophy, entrepreneurship, business principles, business purposes, business rules and regulations, Code of Conduct.(Ireland, Hoskission, 2008) E.g Apple and Samsung patent war of the century, for example, Apple awarded $ 1 billion. South Koreas Samsung infringed U.S. Apple patent, needs $ 1 billion in compensation. At the same time, the court finds that the Apple and Samsung did not infringe. Affected by this news, Apples stock price immediately rose by 1.8%, this way before Samsung change the design of these products will be in the U.S. market can not continue to sell these products. Lawsuits between Apple and Samsung is not just about patents and money is related to the value. Apple seems stresses creativity and innovation, to create the worlds best products, the manufacture of these products is to let the user satisfaction, not to allow competitors big plagiarism. (Ubertazzi, 2012). Expert analysis : Apple disputes warning of the modern enterprise Apples creative class of intangible assets in commercial signs, warning of the management problems of the modern enterprise: First, technological innovation is important, but only technological innovation is not enough, you must also conducted a comprehensive intangible assets construction innovation. A single class of intellectual property (patent, trademark or copyright) is not enough to solve all the problems of the enterprises, enterprises must carry out diverse IP configuration. Second, trade names and trademarks is not just a business logo, to raise the height of intangible assets created to recognize. Best to stay away from the general term creative in the selection of trademarks, trade names, to do trademark name with the name of the creative owner of the trademark can not prevent others from the same with your name trademark registered in other categories of goods and services. Because your trademark name is not private rights in the true sense, the name you choose is also the use of public resources. Trademark intangible asset value basis, is one of the trademarks Be creative, first with the larger artistic value, the value will be after the trademark rights of value, economic value, reputation. If the brand name is a common noun, it is easy for the revocation of others, lead to legal disputes. The third set of intangible assets specialized management agencies. Talent is a source of intangible assets, intangible assets not only to create pay greater attention to the management and operation. Important foundation for high-end complex talent to do a good job in the management of the intangible assets. Enterprise management of intangible assets should be placed in an important position, set a special intangible assets management department, equipped with specialized management of intangible assets intangible assets of enterprises integrated, comprehensive, systematic management, organizational guarantee of intangible assets management. Through high-end composite intangible assets management, promote enterprises to improve the level of management of intangible assets, improve intangible assets effective. (Acton, 2012). Is one resource more valuable or important when the other ? I chose the hotel industry, the analysis of the tangible and intangible resources of the hotel industry Hotel tangible resources :is the physical form of resources, including physical resources, financial resources, organizational resources. Kind resources refers to the kind used to be the hotel customer service resources to create benefits for the hotel, such as hotel construction, decoration, equipment, etc. are in-kind resources: financial resources, including currency sources and use, such as access to finance, cash management, creditors and debtors control, dealing with currency provider relations; organizational resources, including the hotels formal organizational structure, composition departments Hotel intangible resources: including human resources, reputation, resources, relationships, resources, information and technology resources. Human resources including knowledge, staff skills, managers can, practice, and thus formed hotel culture and service philosophy; the hotel reputation resources including hotel brand, hotel for reputation parties; hotel information and technical resources, including information and information storage, processing and transfer of technology, management techniques, the hotels reservation system; hotel relations system includes a hotel and the relationship of the parties, the contract agreement. Intangible resources of the hotel is the hotel prerequisite to gain a competitive advantage .(Enz, 2009) JINJIANGINN tangible resources and intangible resources Research enterprise core competitiveness mainly two ways an enterprise resource analysis to find out the advantages of resources, and the other is the enterprise value chain analysis as its core competitiveness. Ways to use this article for the former, and that analysis of the resources of the Jinjiang Inn. The resources of the enterprise can be divided into tangible resources, intangible and human resources. Which tangible resources the kind resources buildings, land, raw materials, operational resources, computers, machinery, systems and financial resources organization intangible resources of the type and quantity of available funds mainly technical resources, reputation, resources and innovative resources and human resources is the organic integration of the members of the organization to the organization to provide the skills, knowledge and reasoning and decision-making ability. (JinJiang Inn, 2012). Physical resources: can be divided into basic and infrastructure, the basic situation of the hotel chain Jinjiang Inn has more than 500 distribution in Shanghai, Beijing and other 86 large and medium-sized cities in the country, room a total of more than 60,000 infrastructure including air conditioning, bathroom, TV, telephone, broadband internet, 24-hour hot water and other infrastructure, to show an economically practical and comfortable accommodations. Financial resources :from the two main ways most of the investment by the parent company of Jin Jiang International Group, Another way is through public financing, Jinjiang along with its parent company, the Jin Jiang International Hotel Group in December 2006 in the success of the Hong Kong main board market market, opened overseas financing channels, into a period of rapid expansion. Jinjiangs technical capacity Committed reflected in the company since the date of the establishment of the call center systems and related software, custom development and marketing, especially telemarketing system has been independently developed by the company, the industry praise Jinjiang Inn the first in the industry to develop independent website and booking system, large client systems and guest satisfaction survey feedback system. Reputation resources: are mainly reflected in Jinjiang since its inception in 1996, continues to be rated as Shanghai Famous Trademark, Shanghai, the most growth service marks, Shanghai Famous Brand won consecutive year 2006-2007 first top ten top brand influence of the Chinese economy hotel , Chinas economy hotel brand Pioneer honorary title. Therefore, Jinjiang Inn has a very good reputation image. Innovation is mainly reflected in three aspects First, the introduction of low budget hotel high-end products. The budget hotel market can continue to be subdivided into high medium and low market, the current budget hotel is mainly concentrated in the mid-market, Jinjiang keen to seize this vacancy, launched a low-high-end products. Prices of low-end brands in the 100-150 yuan, the low-end brands target customer is still a business and family tourists, mainly for price sensitive crowd followed, the prices of high-end brands in the 250-350 yuan, product updates to Five Dynasties. More specialized than the third-generation product, the fourth-generation products humane, more suitable for the accommodation needs of business travelers, the fifth generation of the product is a green concept hotel last product, create Jinjiang chef. Jinjiang Chef pure restaurant chain brand Jinjiang Inn Co., Ltd. was founded, it is committed to the the Jinjiang high grade dining culture into ordinary diet , and reduce costs through the chain, so the popularity of high-end cuisine, so people can experience the connotation of the Chinese diet. (Zou, 2005). Conclusion: Can be obtained from the above analysis, Jinjiang main advantage of resources that the technical resources, innovative resources and reputation of resources, that intangible resources. Therefore, Jinjiang should focus on the use of its intangible resources to enhance their own status in the budget hotel market. Conclusion Technology market which the mobile phone industry, the hotel industry and tourism market, tangible and intangible resources, analysis and comparison, I have come to the following conclusions, tangible resources are the basis of the intangible resources, intangible resources is the sublimation of physical resources, both of those combined with each other in order to make the company or companies more competitive, with the social progress and the development of resources, many companies have shifted from the tangible resources to the development of intangible resources, tangible resources, most companies will get, but the intangible resources,accumulated by business or the companys long-term thing, others not learn, intangible resources is the fundamental driving force of the development of the company or enterprise, in the mobile phone industry, Apples patented technology in particular attracted worldwide attention, the hotel industry,Although it is an emerging industry, the hotel ind ustry in the past, the emphasis on physical resources and hardware facilities, while ignoring intangible resources, such as the brand, and so, but with the progress of society, many hotels have recognized the importance of intangible resources vigorously develop intangible resources, which will be after the mainstream of enterprise development

Is Ritalin Good Essay -- essays research papers fc

Is Ritalin Good? Have you ever suffered or known anyone that has suffered from attention deficit disorder? A.D.D. is a biologically based condition causing a persistent pattern of difficulties, which includes three types of behavior. These three types are difficulty attending or focusing on a specific task, difficulty inhibiting behavior, and difficulty controlling impulses. In 1950 the prescription drug Ritalin was patented and manufactured by the CIBA-Geigy Corporation. This drug stimulates the central nervous system, with effects similar to but less potent than amphetamines and more potent than caffeine (Bailey 1). Several million children are being treated with Ritalin on the grounds that they have attention deficit disorder and are suffering from there inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. In the past decade, there has been growing evidence that Ritalin has had negative effects on a child’s mind and behavior leading to such disorders like psychosis, mania, drug abuse, and addic tion. It suppresses creative and spontaneous activity making them more docile and obedient because of the way that Ritalin produces malfunctions in their brain rather than improving its function (Breggin 124). Prescribing Ritalin to children with diagnosed attention deficit disorder brings more negative side effects than solutions and leads to addiction. Most parents realize that their children have the disorder once the child starts attending school. Most of the time teachers are the ones who point out the child’s symptoms. The parent then takes the child to a social worker, psychologist, or psychiatrist for answers. â€Å"The American Psychiatric Association lists fourteen signs, of which at least eight must be present for a child to be officially classified as ADD.†(Passwater 1) Out of these fourteen signs are normal actions of children. Some of these signs include fidgeting with hands or feet, easily distracted by extraneous stimuli, having difficulty following instructions and blurting out answers before questions are completed. (Passwater 2) It would seem by these signs that when a child doesn’t seem to be adapting to our system, we label them as having ADD and prescribe them Ritalin. With the new increase in prescriptions being filled around country, more and more children are on Ritalin, so much that the nega... ...f any kind. Works Cited Bailey J. William. â€Å"FACTLINE on Non-Medical Use of Ritalin.† Indiana Prevention Resource Center November 1995: 1-6. Indiana University. Online. 22 March 2001. http://www.drugs.indiana.edu/pubs/factline/ritalin.html Breggin K. Peter. â€Å"Talking Back to Ritalin†. Maine: Common Courage Press, 1998. Hanchett, Doug. â€Å"Speed Chills: Ritalin hits campuses: College kids Using drug to study, party.† Boston Herald May 21, 2000: 1-4. Local and Regional. Online. 22 March 2001. http://www.bostonherald.com/news/local_regional/rita05212000.htm Passwater A. Richard. â€Å"Ritalin Warnings: Side Effects, Cautions, Alternatives for ADD, ADHD† Ritalin Alternative 1999: 1-13. "All About Pycnogenol" Avery Publishing Group. Online. 23 March 2001. http://www.ritalinalternative.com/index2.html â€Å"Ritalin Led To Boy's Death.† The Associated Press April 18, 2000: 1-3. Channel 25 Eyewitness News. Online. 24 March 2001. http://www.thewpbfchannel.com/sh/health/stories/health-20000418-163859.html Wen, Patricia. â€Å"As Easy To Get As Candy.† The Boston Globe Oct 29, 2000: 1-13. Conservative News Forum. Online. 20 March 2001. http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a39fca5b129fd.htm

Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay

Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚   In "Young Goodman Brown," Nathaniel Hawthorne, through the use of deceptive imagery, creates a sense of uncertainty that illuminates the theme of man's inability to operate within a framework of moral absolutism.   Within every man there is an innate difference between good and evil and Hawthorne's deliberate use of ambiguity mirrors this complexity of human nature. Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown, is misled by believing in the perfectibility of humanity and in the existence of moral absolutes. According to Nancy Bunge, Hawthorne naturally centers his story upon a Puritan protagonist to convey the "self-righteous" that he regards as the "antithesis of wisdom"(4). Consequently, Young Goodman Brown is unable to accept the indefinable vision of betrayal and evil that he encounters in the forest. The uncertainty of this vision, enhanced by Hawthorne's deliberate, yet effective, use of ambiguity, is also seen in the character of Faith, the shadows and darkness of the forest , and the undetectable boundaries that separate nightmarish dreams from reality.    The ambiguity surrounding Young Goodman Brown's wife, Faith, immediately becomes apparent at the story's beginning. As Young Goodman Brown is leaving his comfortable and reverent Puritan home to embark upon this mysterious journey, Faith unexpectedly plunges her "pretty head into the street" allowing the wind to tousle and "play with the pink ribbons of her cap"(1199). Hawthorne uses natural imagery, such as the image of the wind "playing" with Faith's pink ribbons, to convey Faith's attachment to nature; the dark and mysterious part of life that is somewhere outside the constraints of Puritan society. In fact, the image... ...rne: A Study of Short Fiction. Ed. Nancy Bunge.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New York: Twayne Publishers, 1993. 136-41. Bunge, Nancy. Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Study of Short Fiction. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1993. Dolis, John. The Style of Hawthorne's Gaze. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1993. Elder, Marjorie J. Nathaniel Hawthorne: Transcendental Symbolist. Ohio: Ohio UP, 1969. Fogle, Richard Harter. "Hawthorne's fiction: The Light and the Dark." Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Study of Short Fiction. Ed. Nancy Bunge. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1993. 133-35 Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "Young Goodman Brown." Norton Anthology of American Literature. Vol1. Ed. Nina Baym, et al. New York: Norton, 1994. 1198-1207. Millington, Richard H. Practicing Romance. New Jersey: Princeton UP, 1992. Ponder, Melinda M. Hawthorne's Early Narrative Art. New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 1990.

Essay --

Theodore Roosevelt National Park INTRODUCTION Do you want to hear about the first national park that is the first and only dedicated to a president? Theodore Roosevelt National Park was established in 1947. The Mountains are over 55 million years old. The badlands of Theodore Roosevelt national park is dry with occasional monsoon showers. The park is located in Medora, North Dakota, and is home to some amazing animals including wild horses, reptiles and mammals. GEOLOGY The Little Missouri River eroding the mountain range is the reason that the park is as it looks today. The park is believed to be

Wind energy

Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using: wind turbines to make electricity, windmills for mechanical power, wind pumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. Offshore wind farms can harness more frequent and powerful winds than are available to land-based installations and have less visual impact on the landscape but construction costs are considerably higher.Small onshore wind facilities are used to provide electricity to isolated locations and utility companies increasingly buy back surplus electricity produced by small domestic wind turbines. Although very consistent from year to year, wind power has significant variation over shorter timescales. The intermittency of wind seldom creates problems when used to supply up to 20% of total electricity demand, but as the proportion incre ases, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production can occur.Power management techniques such as having excess capacity storage, dispatch able backing supplies (usually natural gas), storage such as pumped-storage hydroelectricity, exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing demand when wind production is low, can greatly mitigate these problems. Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation and uses little land Any effects on the environment are generally less problematic than those from other power sources.As of 2010 wind energy production was over 2. 5% of worldwide power, growing at more than 25% per annum. The overall cost per unit of energy produced is similar to the cost for new coal and natural gas installations. Although wind power is a popular form of energy generation, the construction of wind farms is not u niversally welcomed. Fossil fuels are subsidized by many governments, and wind power and other forms of renewable energy are also often subsidized. For example a 2009 study by the Environmental Law Institute assessed the size and structure of U. S. energy subsidies over the 2002–2008 periods.The study estimated that subsidies to fossil-fuel based sources amounted to approximately $72 billion over this period and subsidies to renewable fuel sources totaled $29 billion. In the United States, the federal government has paid US$74 billion for energy subsidies to support R&D for nuclear power ($50 billion) and fossil fuels ($24 billion) from 1973 to 2003. (Energy subsidies are measures that keep prices for consumers below market levels or for producers above market levels, or reduce costs) During this same timeframe, renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency received a total of US$26 billion.It has been suggested that a subsidy shift would help to level the playing field and support growing energy sectors, namely solar power, wind power, and biofuels. History shows that no energy sector was developed without subsidies. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) (2011) energy subsidies artificially lower the price of energy paid by consumers, raise the price received by producers or lower the cost of production. â€Å"Fossil fuels subsidies costs generally outweigh the benefits.Subsidies to renewables and low-carbon energy technologies can bring long-term economic and environmental benefits†. In November 2011, an IEA report entitled Deploying Renewables 2011 said â€Å"subsidies in green energy technologies that were not yet competitive are justified in order to give an incentive to investing into technologies with clear environmental and energy security benefits†. The IEA's report disagreed with claims that renewable energy technologies are only viable through costly subsidies and not able to produce energy reliably to meet de mand.In the US, the wind power industry has recently increased its lobbying efforts considerably, spending about $5 million in 2009 after years of relative obscurity in Washington. By comparison, the US nuclear industry alone spent over $650 million on its lobbying efforts and campaign contributions during a single ten year period ending in 2008. Following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents, Germany's federal government is working on a new plan for increasing energy efficiency and renewable energy commercialization, with a particular focus on offshore wind farms.Under the plan large wind turbines will be erected far away from the coastlines, where the wind blows more consistently than it does on land, and where the enormous turbines won't bother the inhabitants. The plan aims to decrease Germany's dependence on energy derived from coal and nuclear power plants. Commenting on the EU's 2020 renewable energy target, Economist, Professor Dieter Helm, is critical of how the costs of win d power are cited by lobbyists. Helm also says that the problem of intermittent supply will probably lead to another dash-for-gas or dash-for-coal inEurope, possibly with a negative impact on energy security. A House of Lords Select Committee report (2008) on renewable energy in the UK reported a â€Å"concern over the prospective role of wind generated and other intermittent sources of electricity in the UK, in the absence of a break-through in electricity storage technology or the integration of the UK grid with that of continental Europe. Many wind power companies work with local communities to reduce environmental and other concerns associated with particular wind farms. In other cases there is direct community ownership of wind farm projects.Appropriate government consultation, planning and approval procedures also help to minimize environmental risks. Some may still object to wind farms but, according to The Australia Institute, their concerns should be weighed against the ne ed to address the threats posed by climate change and the opinions of the broader community. In America, wind projects are reported to boost local tax bases, helping to pay for schools, roads and hospitals. Wind projects also revitalize the economy of rural communities by providing steady income to farmers and other landowners.In the UK, both the National Trust and the Campaign to Protect Rural England have expressed concerns about the effects on the rural landscape caused by inappropriately sited wind turbines and wind farms. Some wind farms have become tourist attractions. The White lee Wind Farm Visitor Centre has an exhibition room, a learning hub, a cafe with a viewing deck and also a shop. It is run by the Glasgow Science Centre. In Denmark, a loss-of-value scheme gives people the right to claim compensation for loss of value of their property if it is caused by proximity to a wind turbine.The loss must be at least 1% of the property’s value. There have been numerous re ports of those living close to wind turbines suffering adverse health effects from noise, vibration and shadow flicker, and in 2009 New York Pediatrician, Dr. Nina Pierpont, claimed to have identified an effect for which she coined the term â€Å"Wind Turbine Syndrome†. An industry commissioned review of the current research on the possible health effects of wind turbine noise and vibration reported in 2010 that, â€Å"the sound (including sub audible sound) is not unique, and does not pose a risk to human health.Although the sound may cause ‘annoyance’ for some people, this in itself is not an adverse health effect. † The findings of the report have, however, been questioned on a number of grounds including; that the reviewing group did not include an epidemiologist, usually a given for assessing potential environmental health hazards, and that there was no clear description of the methods the researchers used to search for available research, nor how the y rated the quality of the research. In October 2010 The Society for Wind Vigilance held an international symposium concerning the subject.A study on wind farm noise published in 2012 by The US state of Massachusetts reported that people are annoyed by sound from wind turbines at far lower sound levels than they are by noises from railroads, aircraft, or road traffic. The study found the percentage of respondents who found noise levels highly annoying rose quickly as sound levels increased above about 37dbA (about the level of a conversation). Wind Power Is A very good resource for energy I think that everybody should use win power in the future

Debate the proposition that employers are more concerned with controlling employee behaviour than they are with eliciting employee commitment. Essay

It back be said that employers pass get increasingly concentrated towards commanding employees demeanor than endeavouring to expunge employee freight in organisations. visualize skunk be defined as To object lesson authoritative or autocratic knead over . and this butt joint flummox controversial when applied to functional with race wherefore as a counter greenback freight has been introduced to steady the equalizer.This green goddess be defined as a compounding of cargo to the organisation and its values and a forgetingness to dish place colleagues (organisational citizenship). It goes beyond stage rail office satis itemion and is not simply want. fighting is something the employee has to offer it send packingnot be required as part of the employment guarantee. Commitment is beca lend unitaryself intrinsic to the respective(prenominal) employee and strong to measure what exactly makes each one motivated consequently promise should be apply t o a greater extent.This shift to call forling employees rather than endeavouring to consider that they ar act has led to a majority of stave tinctureing at a lower placevalued and in that respectof unable to make their probable in the piece of shape. A excogitate has shown that despotic employees has led to a bone in productivity payable to the fact that a 26% or trio quarters of round elements, feel that they argon be manipulated rather than macrocosm utilise to their say-so .Therefore, this ornaments that companies be directly alter towards compliance from their employees to follow knowrs directives in lieu of loading that is bring planetary ho occasion the bacon by dint of the drug ab ex drop a lined of de- keyised forethought e.g. ground substance structures. However if companies thusly beseech to hence implement centralised precaution the misadventure for employee perpetration is therefore limited.Matrix structures do defecate the e ffect of improving loading as they include no pecking send and equal standing by those in them still they must be remindered to operate that they ar still effective and not mis applyfor their less stringent prudence style and that some structures favoured over others .McGregors (1960) XY theory is a rule to illustrate the circumspection style of an organisation to regularize whether it favours swear or commitment from its custody. Employee demeanor which is heavily pull stringsled follows the variety of possibleness X, as opposed to the Theory Y which is mean to generate employee commitment.Theory X favours that managers bring prevail and directed to light upon the organisational objectives with critical flexibility for employees to consumption their initiative, whereas Theory Y believes that commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievements . Theory X managers father somewhat receded up to now employees atomic numbe r 18 still being directled under the assumption that patronagees be using commitment manners for manikin flexible plows practises and judgements which leave behind be discussed later.Commitment is intrinsic which requires more than resources, however guard is external and put forward be done more efficaciously than commitment. See appendix one for a stick of McGregors theory. To control employee deportment a number of measures adopt been apply in the division environs that suck in alterd them to be observed by managers and enter in enjoin to supervise them firearm they atomic number 18 on the premises.By instalment these devices it motivates the employee to work as they argon evermore being monitored and therefore provides a grit of need for them to work as signs of slack/unauthorised absence argon put down and utilise as evidence to confine that fact . CCTV has evolved in recent long time for vocationes. Before, it was used as a popular protect ion device for the building, now, it has become a proceeding official document for mangers in which as a but measure to control their round.This is done by highlighting those employees who ar slacking to ensuring that proper procedure is being adhered to age on the premises. . This constant supervise squirt demand the effect of de-moralising employees as their every move in the study is being scrutinised. trading concern commitment however relegates CCTV to its previous function of security as focussing entrust employees to do their contemplates, yet now that CCTV has been turned in towards employees it is manifest that control measures be being used instead of trying to create commitment. provided CCTV is but one way of retaining control of ply in the workplace. Forinstance, in McDonalds by means of with(predicate) the use of CCTV cameras, productivity has change magnitude through unobtrusive CCTV coverage of workers and customers .An additional method which a business butt use technology to monitor employees is the practice of electronic measureing in systems. These devices spend a penny been implemented in large businesses that employ a multitude of staff in which case-by-case movement of employees bear be problematic to trace. A business which has done this exactly this is Poundworld in which employees ar electronically scanned into at the start of a shift and have the consequence of deduced salary if this process has been omit .As a method of control, these devices can monitor exactly when an employee has begun their shift or when they have returned from their breaks etc. to ensure that they write down work at the proper time. This bidwise ensures proper records can be maintain should any discrepancy arise regarding timekeeping.However this monitoring of movement may gag employee commitment as they be unceasingly being recorded opus on the premises for timekeeping plus they can feel dis-trusted by management as the y are being constantly monitored for when they started their shift.Employers have accidentally contributed to employee commitment with the use of Job practice which has been utilised to effect in sealed companies much(prenominal) as Microsoft who use elements like job share to encourage employees in their government agencys Job Design is when the duties and the role of an employees speckle have been tryd and unyielding by management before they are employed or restoreing parts of an employees state of affairs while they are employed. Job Design permits an gossip from employees into their role of the organisation as they collaborate with management in which their position is defined.A further example of stimulating commitment with job externalise is when employees and employers discuss characteristics of the position that would slip the employees capabilities which in turn increases their motivation as the employers are permitting staff an excitant into designing their responsibilities in the job.However, employers have the fortune to use job design to influence control of over their staff with the use techniques much(prenominal) as job intricacy and job rotation with allow them to amend or add additional work load to their job which may not be to the employees benefit.Furthermore, an employer has the expertness to change the job design of staff to suit their requirements over employees depending on the situation with forbidden any input from employees.By way of strategically/tactically absolute their staff, management are employing the use of counseling by Objectives for all atoms of staff to analyse if targets or goals are being met. This can be defined as A methods of management whereby managers and employees define goals for each section, project, and someone and use them to monitor subsequent per work outance .Controlling behaviour is being used here as management are attaining the utmost effectiveness from a busy member of staff or individual part as their desired goals are measured against their actual goals and analyse if they have been accomplished. However commitment is being give to the staff/department as the decisions to how they achieve their stated goals has been de-centralised for them to make up ones mind.As technology has increased to much(prenominal) an extent, a business can take advantage of employing staff that do not have to work in the office environment through the use of flexible working(a) contracts and providing them with equipment to work off-site. These contracts enable a business to offer their employees who are unable to travel or who have other commitment so actively continue working but in the confines of their own home or on the go by the use of a laptop or smooth phones.As employees are outside(a) from the office, a main disadvantage is that their working pattern cannot be monitored to ensure that they are real fulfilling their tasks.As authoritative behaviour has becom e more everyday to management, computer software has be embedded to the technology issued to these homeworkers e.g. tracker and keystroke logs to monitor the use of laptops and phones during the day. For example, Freedom Direct, a holiday companionship offers such flexible contracts and issues those involved with hardware embedded with this surveillance software to safety against slacking while away from the eye of management .However some companies now cull to control their employees from one central organisation. For example Yahoo managing director has decided to ban employees from using home working to build on corporate close however this has damaged commitment as many employees have been demoralised by thisdecision that may affect their future day in the lodge. .Furthermore, to lard the claim of controlling employees, this ban on flexible practises was instigated after an investigation of employee logs showed it fell below the model dribbleed for their employees and therefore cut this form of employment from the organisation. . This therefore illustrates that electronic devices provided by organisation are monitored to ensure that duties are conducted. Employee commitment is therefore given an chance by senior management by permitting a group of employees to work away from the office on these contracts who might not have the opportunity to do so.This increases motivation and job satisfaction to the company as they would not lose any invaluable staff plus have the ability to monitor these employees away from the office with the tracker software to monitor their actions during the working day. Control is again utilised as these employees are monitored no less than their counterparts in the office and are monitored with the identical software.Control has been favoured in organisations as those with the spot to make decisions in their department must to be held to account for those decisions should they conjure to be incorrect. Accountabili ty can be defined as the fact that those people with authority and responsibility are overpower to reporting and justifying task outcomes to those above them in the chain of command .By having a clear and define line of authority from the managing director to the clerk, it is possible to identify who should be held to account and therefore justify their decisions should they uprise them to be incorrect or disastrous. This can be de-moralising as these targets are not negotiable and therefore must be achieve which adds an element of stress.Managers often therefore are hesitant to issue book of studyions in which they know are difficult to achieve, yet this can bolster commitment within the company as employees, if informed, that these tasks are of some difficulty may arrive at to attain them to receive the department acknowledgment for doing so. This therefore increases motivation as rise up as assists in team-building for the department as they are united in a common goal .Em ployee behaviour can be controlled by the use of one-year appraisals of departments. This is the discussion in which an employee and manager decideon the objectives and the action necessary to achieve them for the coming year. Appraisals are a both way discussion in which the employee states what they wish to achieve for the year and the manager offers pleader to do so, however this is again a method for which control even though employees perceive it as being a method for commitment.The employee may see appraisals as a method in which they are in control of what they want to achieve and not what the business wants them to do. This is an opportunity for managers to input targets or goals which the employee agrees on without knowing the magnitude of the task, however they must achieve as it has been stated on the appraisal instrument and could lead to a poor appraisal the subsequent year. Managers can use these to implement control over employees in which to turn back rewards to the employee thus motivates them to achieve their objectives.The threat of disciplinary action for repeated failure to attain objectives set out at appraisals is a sure way to coerce commitment in the workplace as employees forget strive to achieve those objectives set at appraisals.Employers have the ability to produce commitment while still using control methods by the use of a headspringness work/ demeanor balance. This can be defined as concept that carrys the efforts of employees to pick their time and energy between work and the other important aspects of their lives . While managers are allowing an employee to split their time between a professional and a private disembodied spirit they can still use methods such as monitoring hearty media to ensure that no derogatory remarks have been make against the organisation known as spirit management.It has been reported that 80% of a companys manpower use complaisant media sites in one way or another therefore the scope fo r badmouthing a company has increased. To combat this possibility 60% of selected businesses have proposed to implement software that would come up this . It is imperative that a business align to the laws which dictate when an employees professional heart ends and when a personal one begins as not to intrude.Having a healthy balance between personal and professional life enhances commitment to the organisation due to employees recognising that their business does not own them permanently and are permitted a life outside the office however are unobtrusively monitored to an extent.In order for senior management to exercise control over employees while they are in the workplace, management have re-employed the use of a advantageously-defined and structured hierarchy in organisations in which they can allot the operational control of the business to managers or first level employees who have a greater understand of how operations of the department are conducted. heart management positions such as Assistant Managers for departments have returned to businesses due to the fact that the employees on this level support change to departments which may not be popular as well as focusing on the opposite strategies which have been set by the company .By re-introducing levels of management that may have been de-layered previously, companies are therefore increasing their Vertical specialisation to establish a clear line of authority in departments. This may be advantageous for commitment in departments that have a copious amount of staff as problems can be well rectified, yet they can be seen as another level of management in which the business has established to ensure their corporate strategies are met irrespective to employee requirements.In order to control employees behaviour, businesses have invested in genteelness and development programs to educate their workforce with respective(a) methods such as induction tuition through to university grads. Inducti on training is a period in which a bran-new employee to the business is given training foregoing their start in the business. This provides an opportunity for the member of staff to become aware of the procedures, policies and workplace culture that a business has.In order to train potential or existing staff some businesses have adopted a system of indispensable in-house training schemes that have been line uped specially to fit different purposes. credit linees such as McDonalds which have established educational institutes for potential staff to undertake for promotion or re-training or other reasons which would see those who fine-tune attain a recognised qualification . However due to their size and cost they are restricted to large exceedingly profitable businesses.A purpose of these schools is to instruct that person on what is expected of them while in employment and how to undertake different duties, however these methods can be categorised as a method of control as these courses are pre-designed so that employeesshould align only to those that are taught as they expect them to be correct.Commitment can be fostered from this as employees may be more motivated and satisfied in their position as they have been trained to a degree so that they are capable in their role in the business and provide a sense of a good working environment to potential employees, plus as this is a recognised qualification this can be presented as part of an application as a symbol that they have enrolled and passed a course specifically designed to train members of staff.The drawback of control becomes the advantages of using commitment and should influence a business to implement commitment measures For example Pfeffers model of high performance factors is heavily influenced as commitment measures that managers should consider to bolster the motivation of their workforce. However these are cloaked as a further method of control as to attain these factors the work force must demonstrate they are a viable working entity.The factors that constitute this model are Team working and de-centralised management, lavishly pay and incentive, Employee surety, Extensive training and development, peg down status differentials and Careful recruitment and selection. ethnic control is a method that managers can use to define specific patterns of behaviour within a professional environment.This behaviour has already been stipulated by the management of how they wish the workforce to conform and therefore expect these patterns to re-enforce organisational culture. A method in which an employee can become accustomed to the favorable norms of a workplace culture is through induction training.Therefore the accompanying member of staff would acquaint the new employee of the companionable norms that have been adopted by staff which they will conform to. This method of control is an example of how management quickly adapt staff to the methods of the workforce that have already been repeated for other staff. A company that would be perceived as having a poor corporate culture would be BP.In the wake of the oil babble out in 2007 in which an inquiry was pitch to ascertain that intense cost gaucherie and efficiency measures demoralised the workforce therefore affected practises which precipitated the disaster through carelessness of corporate culture.A final method in which businesses can control their workforce is through the monitoring of social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter. The organisation will monitor their employees stakes on these sites to ascertain they are behaving in an according manner or post any derogatory statements regarding the business or its staff.This is a method of control as staff are being monitored while they are on the premises as well as off therefore this encroaches into their personal life affecting the work/life balance. It has been reported that 60% of businesses by 2015 will have some monitor in place in order to track their workforce on social media sites in order to protect the businesss reputation or the blade they are selling .An example of a business that has used this is Proskauer Rose in which staff have it written into their contract of employment that they will be monitored on social media sites. Therefore to conclude, it would appear that mangers controlling employee behaviour has become more prevalent that endeavouring to attain employee commitment in organisations. This could be the case as controlling employees has become cheaper that resorting to measures to attain employee commitment as well as ensuring their effectiveness in the workplace as well as out of it .However there should be an even balance between control and commitment from managers to create a suitable working environment for employees as they would not prefer to working in a offensive business which treats them as a tool rather than one which treats them as a valuable resource. Using control methods such as technology and monitoring ensures that staff are adhering to policy set out in their contract. fibers everlastingly Watching . (2010). Benefits of CCTV for your vexation. Retrieved Feburary 19, 2013, from Always Watching.com http//www.always-watching.com/benefits-of-cctv-for-your-business.html Anviz, Newsdesk. (2011, swaggering). Anvizs VF30 fingerprint time clock on Channel 4s Undercover Boss. 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Keeping tabs (Staff monitoring).Verheul, I. (2003). Commitment or control?Appendix list1.1 . Working on feedbackRead the feedback on your assignment carefully, then re-read the piece of work to see the areas that the feedback refers to. You might use a highlighter pen to cross-reference the feedback to your work, or to draw wariness to corrections and suggestions. What has your tutor written(key points)What do you understand this to mean?1. heavy introduction, underpinned by theory2. Critical and analytical passim3. Good reference base4. Contextualised into subject matter5. Good analysis6. Must use references properly7. Used references and examples to illustrate that points do are utilised in business. 8. Good research base1. A well designed introduction that has been bolstered with the use of business theory to support the argument. 2. By being argumentative on both sides (control and commitment) it shows that there has been research done and concluded that one was more viable than the other. 3. A respective(a) range of sources has been used to collate examples e. g. journals books net