Nvq Err Task B

Task B – Your Work Role Bi-Describe Terms Conditions of Contract of Employment Job Description, Defining my Role, Responsibilities as well as the roles of others such as Managers & Supervisors. Entitlement, Such as Rate of Pay, Holidays, Sickness Benefit, Pensions & Expenses. Responsibilities, Working Hours, Illness, Absence, Complaints Procedures, Notice Periods (leaving & dismissal), Company Dress Code, Changes in Circumstances, Assessments & Training. General,Correct Use of Company Equipment (telephones & computers), Codes of Behaviour, Health & Safety. Bii-Describe Information on Payslip Company Name, My Name, Payment Number, Payment Period, Employee Number, Tax Code National Insurance Number, Payment Date, Rate of Pay (holiday, sickness, overtime), Contributions (tax & national insurance, pension), Gross & Net Pay. Biii-Identify 2 Changes in Personal Info Any change in circumstances such as my name, address & contact information. Bv-Explain Agreed Ways of Working Data Pro tectionBy agreeing that no data is disclosed without the consent of clients and ensuring that all sensitive information is stored in a secure manner (filing cabinets locked, computers password protected). Grievance By agreeing a solution with the employer in order to resolve any disputes or differences in opinion which can be recorded in writing in order to avoid Legal or Trade Representations. Conflict Management It is essential that good lines of communication exist between the employer & employee so that the employer is confident that the employee`s time in the workplace is both constructive & productive.Anti-discriminatory Practice In order to maintain no person is discriminated against in the workplace employers should offer guidance with the Company Discrimination Policy & employee`s should participate in training. Health & Safety The employer needs to outline the employee`s role & responsibilities within company in order for the employee to work in a safe & secure manner when making practical decisions in the workplace. ConfidentialityIt is essential that this is maintained at all times in order to promote professionalism, trust, value, understanding & confidence in the employee`s ability when dealing with clients & their needs. Whistleblowing Unethical behaviour by staff & management is unacceptable and cannot be tolerated in any circumstance. Employers should have strict guidelines in order for the employee to make an informed decision on possible breaches & report accordingly without the fear of repercussion. Bvi-Explain How Role Contributes to Service ProvidedMy role is provide clients with support, attention & understanding in order to provide them with the best possible care I can provide. Bvii-Explain How to Influence Quality of Service Best Practice Customer service is priority, I must be kind, considerate & polite at all times in order to promote client confidence which can be done easily with constructive comments & positive feedback. Requirem ents By not carrying out the requirements of my role the basic care & attention required by my clients would suffer & this would have a destructive and negative impact on their recovery.Bviii-Describe How Own Work is Influenced by Codes of Practice etc. These National factors & Codes of Practice give me guidance, standards & guidelines to follow whilst Legislation advises me of what is considered safe & acceptable behaviour within the workplace. Bix-Influential Representative Bodies Social Services Providing a wide range practical & emotional support services which offer awareness & security in order to manage the welfare of vulnerable people within the community. Human Rights Offering a secure & safe standard of life without prejudice or discrimination.

Why Standardized Tests Are Ineffective at Measuring a Student’s Capabilities

A Test Destined For Failure In America, standardized testing has become a prevalent method for testing the educational ability of students. Tests such as the SAT for College and the California STAR for elementary and junior high students have been administered since the beginning of the 20th century. These tests are often considered by many as crucial for the academic progression of students into further education, such as an elementary student being promoted from third to fourth grade or a high school senior applying to college. However, standardized tests have setbacks which could jeopardize a student’s future academic progression given he/she fails to pass. Therefore, I believe standardized tests are ineffective at measuring a student’s capabilities and hence interfere with true academic learning. Standardized tests assess the capability of the student to react to the test in an appropriate manner. It does not factor in true knowledge retention, the key element to a successful academic exam. Students who are faced with any form of disadvantage are most drastically affected by the consequences of standardized testing. The National Center for Fair and Open Testing (FairTest) calls these tests â€Å"very inaccurate and encourage the use of overly academic, developmentally inappropriate primary schooling. † â€Å"Inappropriate schooling† is described as â€Å"schooling not appropriate to the child's emotional, social or intellectual development and to the variation in children's development. † Students who are incapable of possessing necessary test-taking skills such as focusing for long durations, budgeting time, etc†¦ fail these tests while their true knowledge of the material may prove otherwise. Students who rely on rote memorization and superficial knowledge pass the test when in fact they should not. Standardized tests are commonly and widely criticized for their bias towards children of â€Å"privileged background[s]† who more likely than others possess â€Å"a set of knowledge and skills† that result in higher scores. Alfie Kohn, an author on education writes â€Å"affluent families, schools, and districts are better able to afford [test preparation materials], and the most effective versions of such [materials]. It is fair to say then, that those receiving a poorer quality education will be at a significant disadvantage compared to those who can or already received quality instruction and education related to the test. Charles Murray, a former Harvard graduate writes in his article â€Å"Abolish the SAT† for the journal The American,† The SAT test isn't the problem. The children of the well educated and affluent get most of the top scores bec ause they constitute most of the smartest kids. They are smart not because their parents are well educated, but because their parents are smart. † Murray summarizes his whole point with a bold claim, â€Å"if you’re rich, you can buy your kids a high SAT score. † Although the topic of standardized testing is widely debated and argued, the notion of such an important test with many innate flaws existing in the education system is shocking and appalling to many. Standardized tests were created to assess a student’s true academic potential. However, the variables and factors that influence these tests cause standardized testing throughout the world to be ineffective at that task. Works Cited FairTest. â€Å"How Standardized Testing Damages Education. † FairTest. The National Center for Fair and Open Testing, 20 Aug. 2007. Web. 9 Sept. 2011. . Kohn, Alfie. â€Å"Standardized Testing and Its Victims. † Education Week. Alfie Kohn, 27 Sept. 2000. Web. 9 Sept. 2011. . Murray, Charles. â€Å"Abolish the SAT. † The American. The Journal of the American Enterprise Institute, July 2007. Web. 9 Sept. 2011. .

ABDOMINOPLASTY - TUMMY TUCK SURGERY

ABDOMINOPLASTY - TUMMY TUCK SURGERY ABDOMINOPLASTY TUMMY TUCK SURGERY Abdominoplasty or dermolipectomy (â€Å"tummy tuck†) is a procedure by which excess skin and subdermal tissue from the abdomen (so called hanging belly) are removed. Complete musculature of the abdominal wall is tightened. â€Å"Hanging belly† happens mostly to individuals who have lost a significant amount of weight or women who gave several births. Of course, hereditary elements play an important part. TUMMY TUCK CANDIDATES If you want to know if you are a candidate for dermolipectomy, you need to follow these indications: limp and loose belly, excess skin and fatty tissue on the belly, striae on the lower part of the belly and loose and separated muscles of the abdominal wall. PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT Patient preparation for the tummy tuck surgery usually starts during the first examination. The first step in preparation for the surgery is the patient’s consent. Very important part is to create that feeling of trust in the doctor-patient relationship. The patient will be informed of surgery process and what surgery includes. During the initial examination you’ll be asked to look in the mirror and show precisely what kind of change you would like to be done to your belly. During the examination you will give data of your medical history of illnesses or surgical treatments you had previously, medicine allergies, chronic infections, hypertension, diabetes, anemia. It is important to provide your doctor with complete information i.e. are you using some medication such as aspirin, estrogen, vitamin C, etc. Examination is performed in standing and lying position. During the examination, level of excess skin and subdermal fatty tissue has to be determined as well as degree of looseness of abdomen wall musculature and possible existence of ventral hernia. TUMMY TUCK PROCEDURE Tummy tuck incision is horizontally-oriented and is made in lower zone of the belly above pubic hairline and spreads lateral in the direction of pelvic bones. Length of the incision is determined by the level of looseness and skin excess. In general, incision is in line with the bathing suit, it is hidden so it can’t be seen on the beach. The complete complex of skin and subdermal tissue are prepared all the way to muscular fascia and up to ribs. Abdominal muscles are tightened and they are connected (plicated) shaping and forming new beautiful body contours. After that excess skin and subdermal tissue are tightened all the way up to navel which is removed. Then a new navel is created and has to look like the real one. Sometimes liposuction needs to be combined with this procedure. Drains are placed that are left for a few days. POSTOPERATIVE TREATMENT Drains will be removed after few days. Until then patient has to be in the position with bent legs. Sutures stay in place about 14 days. After tummy tuck surgery patient need to wear special corsets for a month after the surgery and to avoid physical strains for a month. One day after the surgery short walk is recommended. Patient has to get out of bed and go for a walk in bent position in order to increase blood circulation. Patient must avoid straining, sudden straightening and physical activities. Recommended time for having intercourse is at least after two weeks after the surgery. COMPLICATIONS Complications rarely occur. They are classified as early and late. Early complications include infection, hematoma, necrosis around the incision and usually occur with diabetics and smokers. Seroma can be developed after the surgery. It can accumulate under the skin and in lower parts of abdomen and can be there for a few months after the procedure. Later complications include appearance of hypertrophic scar. TUMMY TUCK COST Tummy tuck with muscle repair (dermolipectomia) 3000â‚ ¬

Morality & Cultural Ethical Relativism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Morality & Cultural Ethical Relativism - Essay Example A common misunderstanding that arises when it comes to making moral choices is when someone is egoistical. The ethical egoist merely employs self-interest in making moral decisions but this does not necessarily mean that someone is selfish. Ethical egotism is an approach that argues that a moral principle of an action is established by the self interest of an individual. Therefore, an action that advances self-interest is moral and the one that does not advance self-interest is also moral. Making moral decisions about medical decisions is based of self-interest and many other contemporary medical aspects take into considerations ethical egoism practices. Ethical egoism is desirable because nothing is inherently wrong as long as one does it in a right way to avoid lawsuits. For those who are ethical egoists, the right thing to do is to make moral choices that will protect them from being sued or make moral choices of what is best for their self-interest. Even the bible especially Phil ippians 2:4 does not condemn ethical egoist or self-interest but it does require ethical egoist to be balanced with concern for others. Taking onto consideration the welfare of others is imperative because the moral act of enlightened self-interest takes into considerations self-interest of others or the concern for the society. The ability to take self-interest follows on from self confidence and self acceptance but one should bear in mind that one’s own interest will be best served in case one takes into considerations.... Even the bible especially Philippians 2:4 does not condemn ethical egoist or self-interest but it does require ethical egoist to be balanced with concern for others. Taking onto consideration the welfare of others is imperative because the moral act of enlightened self-interest takes into considerations self-interest of others or the concern for the society. The ability to take self-interest follows on from self confidence and self acceptance but one should bear in mind that one’s own interest will be best served in case one takes into considerations the interest of others. Human beings are fundamentally ethical egoist; thus they appear to be intrinsically concerned first with their welfare. All human beings take their interest first but they tend to forget that taking into considerations the interest of others by sharing is one way of avoiding being selfish. Sharing is vital because it is through sharing that one can not only meet his or her own demanding needs but also help others to achieve their demanding needs. Cultural Ethical Relativism Scenario Cultural ethical relativism is viewed that all beliefs, cultures, customs, norms and ethical beliefs are relative to human being within his or her social environment. Cultural ethical relativism is when the society has dissimilar moral beliefs without taking any stand on the right or wrong for those beliefs. In cultural ethical relativism, what is deemed as ethical in one society may be deemed unethical in another society. This means that diverse culture may view right and wrong in a different way because there are no common standards of morality that exists in the society; thus nobody has the right to

'Aspects of contact and negligence for business'-subject Assignment

'Aspects of contact and negligence for business'-subject - Assignment Example If any of these elements is missing, the agreement cannot be treated as a valid contract. The first element of a valid contract is an offer, which is an expression of the willingness of a party to enter into a contract and intends to be bound if the offer is accepted. The offer should include terms, which are certain and be communicated to the offeree (Bayern, n.d.). An offer should be distinguished from an invitation to treat. An invitation to treat is a declaration to enter into negotiations and cannot be accepted in the formation of a contract. They form part of preliminary negotiations and cannot be deemed an offer. The court in Harvey v Facey (1839) held that an invitation to treat is an indication by the owner that they are interested in selling an item. An offer remains open until the specified time expires or is accepted. Where there is no time limit, it is deemed to have expired after a reasonable time as passed. Death or insanity of either party terminates an offer. It can also cease to exist if it is expressly or by conduct demonstrate d that it no longer exis ts. If an offer is made to the general public, it can only be terminated by communicating through the same channel the offer was made. An offer can be rejected by the offeror or with a counter offer (Bix, 2012). In Hyde v Wrench (1840), the court held that a counter offer kills the original offer and the initial offer cannot be accepted at a future time. In Smith v Hughes (1871), the court pointed out that in determining whether there is a valid offer, the parties’ intentions are not important but rather how a reasonable person would consider the situation. The second element of a valid contract is acceptance, which is an expression of agreeing to the terms of the offer. An acceptance can only be valid if the party agreeing to it is aware of the existence of an offer. It must also be unconditional, clear and mirror the terms of the offer. Acceptance becomes

The Black Death in Police Custody Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Black Death in Police Custody - Essay Example Deaths in police, prison and psychiatric custody since 1990. The details of deaths of blacks which have taken place in police custody and which have given rise to concern because of unexplained or mysterious circumstances surrounding those deaths and / or allegations of maltreatment, dereliction of duty or brutality have been discussed. The Study will be increasingly contacted by a small but nevertheless disturbing number of families where a relative has died in suspicious circumstances and they are unhappy with the police investigation. Whilst it is not within our remit to provide assistance in such cases we have referred many families to members of our Lawyers group. The police are investigating themselves that makes it very difficult for them to win the trust of the deceased's family, friends and local community. This is particularly the case following a black death in custody, when the police face a black community that already has, as senior police officers acknowledge, a height ened mistrust of the police. Families frequently complain about the length of time that the investigation takes, their lack of involvement in it and, as mentioned earlier, the nature of the questions about the deceased. One major cause of anger for black families following a death in police custody is the misinformation - perhaps more accurately 'spin' - put out in the police's publicity about the circumstances of the death. This misinformation, issued soon after the death, has tended to shape news coverage and wider public perceptions of the causes of a death and seems to be intended to play down the involvement of police officers. Table 1: Deaths in Police Custody 1990-1998 (to July) Source: INQUEST monitoring RTA = Road Traffic Accident For the family of the deceased the inquest is their only opportunity to find out the circumstances of the death. This is particularly important given the lack of prior disclosure of information. However there are a number of serious obstacles in the way of effective representation. For a start not everyone has a family; in some cases there is no one who qualifies as a 'properly interested person' under the Coroners' Rules. There is no legal aid (provision for it was made in the Legal Aid Act 1949 but never brought into force; it was repealed in 1988). In cases where families have had legal advice and representation (often free as there is no legal aid) experienced barristers and solicitors have been able to shed new light on the cause of death. Aim of Research The Study's principal aim is to explore the reasons behind the black deaths in police custody. And there are should be a wide ranging public inquiry into deaths in custody to consider: - to investigate legal processes which follow; - to focus in particular on the treatment of bereaved families; - to address the disproportionate number of black

The Opponents of the Euthanasia and a Major Essentials of Human Life Research Paper

The Opponents of the Euthanasia and a Major Essentials of Human Life - Research Paper Example Euthanasia stands justified on several grounds of morality. The arguments favouring the voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide is justifiable on the ethical grounds of individual sovereignty and the professed responsibility of the health professionals for respecting the patient’s informed preferences. It is justified on the ground of individual autonomy, when one chooses to live the life he or she wants to, the individual should have the authority and the individuality for choosing the kind of death he or she wants to witness. The right to choose his or her death should be respected. The advocates of voluntary euthanasia argue that an adult has every right to refuse any kind of treatment which might involve a life saving one. The concepts of ethical issues have been considered to support voluntary euthanasia. It is being argued that if an individual has the authority to make informed choices about medical treatment then the right of informed medical assistance to death gets naturally extended to her. (Sanders and Chaloner, 2007, pp. 41-42) Individual autonomy also necessarily stands against slavery, while it can be argued that slavery is not justifiable. The reason for not allowing slavery in a free country is the fact that handing over the control of one’s own life is the most unwise things to do, hence man takes all the decision in his life by his own. Similarly while deciding on whether to die or not the man himself has every right and authority to take the decision. To save her husband from the legal consequences she appealed to the court to grant her petition of euthanasia.

Stonewall Riots Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stonewall Riots - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, the paper will focus on discussing a brief history of the Stonewall riots and determine whether things would have changed if the history turned out differently. Several years after Stonewall riots, the issue concerning the gay has attained high publicity, which was evident through their high level of progression. There for the last few years, numerous gay activists are free to take their protests to the street leading to a significant change in the laws (Anon, 1). In fact, there are new laws, which have been established to facilitate protection of gay men and lesbian. Furthermore, there numerous regional and local organization, which are established for protecting gay rights such as the Gay Liberation Front. These organizations have actively been involved in offering services such as political activism, legal and economic assistance to the gay community. In fact, these they have been successful in their effort to help political candidates, teenagers in schools, same sex marriages and gay families and relationship. Therefore, this has led to the issue of gay becoming friendly in the society despite numerous challenge faced by gay men and lesbian in the process of facilitating their inclusion and acceptance in the community. History The Stonewall riots began on June 27 1969, when law enforcement officers raided Stonewall Inn, which was interact place for homosexuals at Christopher Street (Batie, 1). However, it was usual for police officers to raid any gay bars. In fact, this raid was one of regular occurrences where police would harass customers and apprehend transvestites, gays and lesbians. Nevertheless, the case in Stonewall Inn was different since there was a fight between gays and lesbian patrons. The fight involved the police officers and they responded by beating numerous protestors while arresting others. There were different speculations regarding cause of the fight between these patrons, whereby there are people who related the fight with the death of Judy Garland, who had died in London five days before the fight had occurred. However, this incidence was followed by other protests, thereby leading to a cultural shift during moments when people never wanted to be publicly regarded as homosexuals (Violette, 104). Therefore, after this incidence issues related to gay and lesbians were no more a secret; in fact, there were marches on Washington representing the civil rights which led to the establishment of gay pride. In this case, since 1970 the uprising has been marked through a celebration of annul gay pride march that occurs along the Fifth Avenue and across Christopher Street. Discussion The Stonewall riot in 1969 is regarded the initiation of contemporary gay and lesbian rights association; in fact, this riot lasted for six days leading to increased tension among the law enforcement officers, gay men and lesbians. However, if the history during the riot were different, things would be different concerning the cur rent situation of gay men and lesbian movement. In fact, if things had tuned differently, issues regarding human and civil rights for the gay men and lesbian would still be constrained. During 1960s, there was increased tension in American population due to increased intolerance of harassment and arrest experienced by gay men and lesbians from this police (Whitney, 1679). Therefore, if it were not

Cryptography Application Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cryptography Application Methods - Research Paper Example This led to the emergence of debit and credit cards whose applications have since become widespread. This age of information has witnessed the emergence of cryptography a major protection method of applications. This paper will investigate some of the application methods of cryptography together with the systems application in a college university. In a university setup, cryptography has applications in ensuring secrecy in storage, integrity in transmission, authentication of identity and integrity in storage. The maintenance of the secrecy in storage requires a one key system whereby the user is responsible for the provision of the computer key at the start of the session. After this, the computer takes care of the decryption and encryption during the entire course of its normal use. Indeed, there are numerous hardware devices for automatic encryption of personal computers of all the information that the disk stores. Upon turning on a computer, a user must provide the encryption hardware with a key. Otherwise, the information will be meaningless even in the event that the hard disk is stolen. However, secrecy in storage is not without problems. In an event that the user forgets the key, then the encryption information become unusable. Apparently, encryption only occurs while the information is in storage and not when it is in use. The electronic money transfer has the danger of invasion by criminals who can tap a system and make false transfers. However, to realize integrity in the transfer of funds, there is need to perform an information checksum before submitting it in the form of encryption. Upon the receipt of this encrypted information, another checksum takes place for comparison after decryption. An agreement of the checksum is an indication that an alteration had occurred to the message. Forging this kind of information is easy. Since a lot of publications and intellectual works occur in universities, integrity in the

The Role of Peer Feedback in Improving EFL Writing Skills of Saudi Essay

The Role of Peer Feedback in Improving EFL Writing Skills of Saudi English Major Students - Essay Example The essay explains the role of peer feedback in helping them improve their EFL writing competencies. Following this, a section of the paper presents the concept of peer feedback in detail. Finally, the last section looks at the issue of collaborative learning, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the process of peer feedback to help better understand this type of approach. Many researchers have found a positive relation between students’ writing achievements and the provision of feedback. It is seen that feedback improves writing skills since it gives both students and teachers a picture of students' progress and improvement. It is also considered to be â€Å"a key element of the scaffolding provided by the teacher to build learner confidence and the literacy resources to participate in target communities†. This paper makes a conclusion that peer feedback as it was presented in this essay can be a very beneficial collaborative activity in EFL writing sessions. Unfortunately, this kind of feedback is novel in many non-Western teaching contexts such as Saudi Arabia where teacher-feedback based classes are still dominant. The education system in Saudi Arabia is in the traditional style where it is loaded by rules, and is bound by a certain structure. Saudi students are taught writing by structured written exercises and traditional drills. Students’ writing is most often controlled and guided with model writings provided by teachers rather than allowing them to write freely. However, this situation could be changed with proper awareness of the educational problems and with appropriate writing instructions such as applying cooperative learning and peer feedback to make students better writers.

Jim Morrison by Kelly Larson Essay Example for Free

Jim Morrison by Kelly Larson Essay Jim Morrison by Kelly Larson 1943-1971 There are many figures in music that make them a household name, Jim Douglas Morrison, the lead singer of The Doors a popular rock group in the late 60s who died at a very young age, has made him just this. Jim Morrison was in the only extremely progressive rock bands of that time, experimenting with synthesizers, and new ways to play the otherwise boring guitar; this band the doors was truly something else. Many people thought that Jim was a genius others thought he was a fool. He had very public arrest and court trail about exposing himself to a crowd in 1969 raised increasing questions about his actual death in 1971. Jim Morrison set new ways to write music and poems for the new avant-garde generation that would follow in the years to come. He would inspire some of the most successful musicians many years after his death. In death Jim was perceived more than just a rock star he was now a legend. Jim Douglas Morrison was born on December 8th, 1943 in Melbourne Florida, what is now cape Kennedy naval base. Jims father Steve Morrison was from Florida; in high school he was a gymnast and a cheerleader. He entered the Second World War but never actually fought. He met Jims mother Clara in Honolulu Hawaii in 1941, at a naval dance. Clara was Steves opposite; he was conservative she was liberal. Soon after they met they married in that same year. After they were married Steve was taught how to fly, he would regularly fly over the pacific. In 1943 Jim was born in one of many naval bases were he and Clara stayed. After the war ended he returned home to Clearwater Florida, to live nearby his parents and Jim grandparents who were extremely republican and average churchgoers. Lifestyle for Jims early life was hectic they moved frequently a typical military lifestyle; over the point of five years after Jim was born the Morrisions had two more children besides Jim. Although Jim always said his parents and siblings were dead in many interviews they were very much alive at that time. They lived in Washington D.C, and Florida to California. When Jim was five years old he was in a car traveling along with relatives along the highway near Albuquerque and Santa Fe, Jim had a life changing experience. Jim grandmother Caroline said We came upon an accident Indians were wailing And crying. Later we thought it was very unusual Because we  thought Indians didnt cry. We thought They were more stoic than that. Jimmy was very Much affected he wanted to do something. We Stopped lance (her husband), jimmy wanted To do more. He was upset, his father finally Had to say, jimmy you dreamed it didnt happen. Its not true; you just had a bad dream. Source 1-P.34 Jim said when they stopped the car dying Indians became reincarnated into his young body. This would forever change Jim Morrison life. He began to take up writing and art when he was seven. Then when he entered junior high he was exposed to new films that blew his mind. Then in 1957, in Alameda California Jim started high school He excelled in writing and art not a surprise to people who knew him. Many teachers noticed how bright Jim was beyond his years. Jim read everything he could get his hands on. Halfway between his sophomore year the Morrisons moved to Alexandria, Virginia. Jim enrolled in George Washington high school; a segrated upper middle class school. Jim began pulling himself into cartooning and writing. He had a girlfriend named Tandy that year, who lived houses three houses down who was extremely tormented by him, but it kept on her toes and it made her like him. He would say things to shock and embarrass her. Jim had his own room in the basement; he painted, self-portraits, and impressionistic paintings. He filled up notebooks with poems and songs, some songs that were later used with his work with The Doors a band he would later be the singer in. Jim took a IQ test in high school were he scored a 149, but he got bs in high school because he didnt care about his grades. Shortly after he graduated from high school Jim broke up with Tammy, and he packed up and enrolled in St Petersburg junior in Clearwater Florida living with his grandparents. When college started Jim began to get severely into alcohol. After one year, passing all of his classes he decided to enroll to Florida State to pursue majoring in theater arts. Jim made very big impressions on everyone he would meet. Jim over the summer retuned to California where his parents and siblings were living since Jim left for college. He fought with his parents that summer because he wanted to live with them but they didnt want him to but he did anyway and he enrolled in UCLA. He began to take classes in filming and directing, there thinking it would be something he wanted to do. In fact Jim began involved more into the party scene than his studies, he got a D on his  first film and it crushed his dreams of begin a filmmaker. During this time he began to write various poems that would become The Lords and New Creatures book. During one of his random parties he met a musician named Ray Manzarek, a man in a jazz band that Jim liked. Jim told everyone he knew he was going to New York after college to be a poet, after college barely graduating Jim didnt know what to do. Many nights he would spend his night sleeping on rooftops and the beach in California. One day in the august after school got out Ray ran into his friend Jim Morrison and asked him what hes been doing, Jim said he was writing. Ray asks him to read or sing something hes written Jim sings off key the song moonlight drive a popular Doors song, that would in fact make them famous but they didnt k now that yet. Ray immediately asks Jim if he wanted to start a band with him, Jim agrees. They begin to start this new band with Rays two brothers; they name the band The Doors after the book The Doors of Perception. Often very nervous on stage Jim just stood there and didnt sing very well. After they thought the band wasnt going anywhere rays brothers lefthe band. Ray and Jim met john Densmore, a drummer Whos off beat style intrigued Jim and Ray, and then they met Robby Krieger a guitarist in a jazz band at the time, they immediately asked him to join the band. They lacked a bassist but when they had practiced Ray and Jim decided they didnt need one. They began to play shows and Jims stage freight began to go away faster and faster. They released a demo with 4 songs on a 45-rpm. They began to become known as part of the California scene, along with the grateful dead and Jefferson airplane. They began to be a house band for the whisky A-go-go, a popular nightclub. They also were signed to Columbia records, although they would never released anything on that label. One night when the doors were playing at the whisky Jim began to sing something he wrote that shocked many people in that building. In the song the end a song about the end of a relationship, Jim whispered Father, yes son. I wanna kill you mother I wanna ck you. source 1, page 70. The doors were immediately fired from the whisky but a reporter wrote about it in the local paper and people were buzzing about the performance for weeks. Columbia records had dropped the band; The Doors thought this was the end for them. In fact it was the only the beginning. The Doors were signed to Electra records, two weeks after Columbia had dropped them. The Doors began recording their first album with  producer Paul Rothchild but many songs were left on the cutting board because they were not needed. Jim never wore shoes when he was recording; the studio was always lit in candles. They recorded their first album The Doors in two weeks. Never knowing it would be a complete success and put them into the media spotlight. After The Doors album was relased it had critical success and the fans were buying it, Jim was instantly a sex symbol. Their first single Light My Fire hit number 1, though it was 6 minutes long. The doors had become popular, after a year of touring and publicity, once appearing on the Ed Sullivan show, but not invited back because Jim sang a line he agreed he wouldnt sing before they went on. They began to record their second album Strange Days, this album would become another hit. Touring had become a big part of Jim met a girl name Pam Zuribca also became a part of his life; he met Pam after a show. They began a long-term relationship. She once said once that Jim was her soul mate. The Doors began to record their third album Waiting For the Sun, Jim began to capture more of his personal side as he called himself The Lizard King, the album did increasingly well again even thought the album was hard to understand but the fans still bought the records then they released The Soft Parade. Often drunk or high Jim on stage would fall or stumble he had slurred speech or wouldnt sing their popular songs. One night John said he was fed up with the band and said he was quitting but then showed up for practice the next day. The Doors were getting the reputation of an extremely rowdy band that couldnt be controlled sometimes. Some of the doors fans were teenyboppers who just didnt get the music they just knew they wanted Jim. Frustrated Jim said he was leaving the band; ray talked him into staying another six months. Jim had always wanted to be a poet he got to live out that fantasy by publishing a book called The Lords and New Creature Poems, which was originally started in high school. As Jim Morrison began to slip deeper and deeper into drugs and alcohol, the band continued to soar touch me a song from the soft parade reached number one in the untied states. In 1969 the doors went into the studio to record Morrison hotel, often very stoned Jim usually didnt know what he was singing, The Doors and their producer Paul Rothchild got more and more fed up with the band, eventually leaving. Jims appearance had changed drastically, he was no  longer the tall thin sex symbol he was a fat guy with a beard, this scared away The Doors teenybopper fans. With this tour there would become a disaster Jim often was too drunk to even sing falling on stage like a clown. One night in Miami Jim in a drunken rage continued to say the f word on stage when a police officer threatened him he would go to jail if he used it again. Jim began to ask the audience if they would like to see his penis, the crowd went wild. There was a flash some say he flashed others say he didnt. Jim was taken into police custody; The Doors were now banned in 6 states. Jim was arranged in October 1970, on the counts of lewd behavior, indecent exposure, public drunkenness, and open profanity, this was a media event, and Jim was proven guilty on all counts. He wasnt going to be sentenced till the spring of 1971. The doors still released one more album with Jim Morrison L.a. Woman; the album came out in the summer of 1970. Jim said he was quitting The Doors and fled to Paris with Pam, Pam and Jim were never married though. He became exiled, lost weight and shaved his beard. These not known to him would be his last days. Though many people still dont know if Jim Morrison really died of a heart attack on July 3, 1971 because only one doctor and Pam actually saw his body there was no autopsy. Could Jim still be alive, to escape his future jail time, or did he really die that day in a bathtub of a heart attack. Shortly after Jim died Pam died also of a heroin overdose. Jim has truly been missed, even though his music remains extremely influential today. His music and poetry will live on forever.

Narayan Murthys Retirement Speech Essay Example for Free

Narayan Murthys Retirement Speech Essay Different people run out of endurance and intellectual horsepower at different points of time. Some people drop out of the marathon since they do not see any value in an organization when their own time under the arc light is over. A leaders responsibility is to recognize this, provide them opportunities outside the organization, and usher in suitable replacements. Infosys journey is replete with many such examples. The Essence of Leadership : Many intelligent people possess a high ego and low patience to deal with people less capable than themselves. Leaders have to manage this anomaly very carefully; counsel these errant people from time to time, and allow them to operate as long as they do not become dysfunctional and start harming the organization. If they do cross the threshold it takes courage to inform the individuals that their time in the organization is over and that they have to leave. However, one aspect that marks out a truly superior organization is the ability of its employees at all levels to be driven by values and to ensure adherence and compliance under any circumstance. No individual is high or important enough for an organization to put up with non compliance. Leadership by example is what creates trust in people to follow a leader. As long as a leader is able to show his or her sacrifice and commitment to a cause others will follow him or her I am glad we decided on respect from our stakeholders (customers, employees, investors, vendor, partners, government of the land and the society) as the primary objective of the company. I have seen hundreds of instances of such leadership-by-example at Infosys. A sense of ownership among employees is extremely important to build a long term future for a corporation. Such ownership comes from fair merit based and generous sharing of wealth and perquisites among each member of the company. This is my answer to many of my friends who wonder why when Infosys was founded I took a small percentage of my earlier salary while every other cofounders salary was increased by at least 10 per cent. The same friends tell me that they do not know of any other instance where as much as 10 to 15 per cent of the company equity was given to co-founders who had just 12 to 18 months of work experience. I do not know of any Indian company that has given away as much as Rs 50,000 crore (at current stock prices) of stock options to employees. Today; every Indian employee at every level who joined us on or before March 2010 is a stockholder of Infosys. The point I would like to make is that such acts demonstrate that our leaders walked the talk in sacrifice and commitment. Strategy is about ensuring sustained differentiation m a changing environment for better net income margins Differentiation without better net income margins is meaningless. In my opinion operating margins and earnings before taxes depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) are not appropriate measures. In fact the best measure of differentiation is the per capita free cash flow generated. Such cash flows bring cash to invest in better people research and development infrastructure training and better customer and employee confidence The famous Harvard historian Niall Ferguson says in his book Civilization: The West and the Rest that the six attributes that have made Western civilization dominant during the last five hundred years are ompetition, science, property rights, medicine, consumption and a good work ethic. I have been saying for many years now that the factors that differentiate a corporation from its competitors are an enduring value system open mindedness, pluralistic and meritocratic approach and practicing speed, imagination and excellence in execution. Leaders have to focus on creating such an environment. The Essence of Leadership : Leadershi p is about taking bold and firm decisions with incomplete information in an environment of uncertainty: Leaders who waffle do not inspire confidence in their people. It is important to use as much data and modeling as possible to eliminate clearly bad decisions. My decision to walk away from a Fortune 10 company when they contributed 25 % of our revenue was one such example of decision making under uncertainty. It was a tough decision that was taken so firmly and calmly that the head of sales at Infosys at that time thought I was not bothered about the future of the company! I had to explain to him that I did indeed agonize over it but that as a leader I could not be driven by panic since such an important decision required a calm and composed mind. Every leader must have a mental model of his or her business with at best five to seven parameters that determine sensitivity to revenue and net income. It is important to update that model suitably as the business landscape changes. Any leader who cannot quickly do such sensitivity calculation would not be able to take quick and bold decisions. Even today I carry and update the mental model of our business in my mind. Generosity is an essential part of a leader. It is the foundation on which teamwork is built. The ability to share the limelight with ones colleagues, the ability to step aside and give opportunity to younger people when they want that fame, power and glory: and the ability to provide a safety net of advice for them is an important aspect of strengthening the future of an organization. It is not easy to give up power, particularly when you have been the object of so much adulation. I must say that Infosys has done a good job in bringing two such transitions before I leave the portals of this company. What Makes an Organization Worldclass : Scalability is the true test of the endurance of an organization. The ability to grow successfully without losing quality productivity employee investor and customer satisfaction and the spirit of a small company is what makes Infosys a great company. We have grown from 50 customers to 620 customers from 10 projects to 6,500 projects from 100 employees to 130,820 employees from 100 sq ft to 28 million sq ft of built up space and from 100 investors to over 450,000 investors. Such a scalability exercise has been successful thanks to our PSPD model of operation. PSPD stands for Predictability of revenues, Sustainability of such predictability, Profitability of such realized revenues and Derisking. Predictability happens because of a good forecasting system that derives realistic data from the trenches and tempers it with the wisdom of senior business leaders. Sustainability refers to the systems that help the efforts of sales people beating the pavement and meeting customers to make the prediction true, the efforts of our delivery people to deliver quality products on time within budgets, and to the efforts of our finance people raising the invoice on time and collecting money on time. Profitability refers to the systems that help our people make value-based sales, follow rigorous budgeting exercises, control costs, get best value for money and ensure the agreed-upon profitability. Derisking refers to systems that identify risks in various dimensions of our operations people, geographies, technologies, application areas and services collect periodic data, review the risk levels and mitigate them. Innovation is the best instrument for creating sustained differentiation. However it must be accepted that revenues for a corporation come from well understood ideas and business models. For example, most of a banks revenues will come from borrowing money at a certain rate and lending it at a higher rate. Part of the profits from such models will be used for research and development to generate new ideas. A few of these ideas will be seeded and some of them will become mainstream revenue earners. Therefore, it is very important for a leader to focus on innovation particularly when the times are good. Customers put food on our table. Therefore, we have to have a laser focus on exceeding their expectations, being open and honest with them, and ensuring that they look good in front of their customers. Employees are the only instruments we have to make our customers and investors succeed. Therefore, we have to create an environment of openness, meritocracy; fairness, transparency, honesty and accountability amongst our employees. Our investors understand that businesses will have their share of up and downs. They want us, the management, to level with them at all times. Therefore, when in doubt, please disclose is a good policy for a corporation. Society provides customers, employees, investors, bureaucrats and politicians. Therefore, earning the goodwill of every society that we operate in is extremely important for us. Global benchmarking is a powerful instrument that helps us to improve our self-confidence, compete with the best global competitors and serve our customers better. Success and Failure We are our best friend and We are our Worst Enemies : We Indians must recognize as we have done at Infosys that we are our main enemies. There is no external enemy. Our failures are because of our lack of commitment to our cause, our inability to accept meritocracy and our indifference to honesty and want of a good work ethic amongst our leaders. Performance alone is the key differentiator. This stems from my belief that performance leads to recognition brings respect and respect brings power. Therefore if India wants to be a superpower as we keep hoping the only instrument we have is performance. We have demonstrated that businesses can be run legally and ethically that it is possible for an Indian company to benchmark with the global best and that any set of youngsters with values hard work team work and a little bit of smartness can indeed be successful entrepreneurs. This way we have enthused millions of young men and women in India. This in my opinion is Infosys greatest contribution. I have realized that humility grace and courtesy are genuine only when you have power and glory. That is why the leaders at Infosys have practiced this time and again. Humility provides us the strength of mind to learn from people better than us. Grace and courtesy make us worthy competitors. They also remind us that such glory and power are ephemeral and give us the strength to handle the days when we too could lose our shine. The crucial things we have to do in the future are to recognize our weaknesses; be open-minded about learning from people better than us; learn from our mistakes and not repeat them; be humble, honest and courteous; benchmark with the best in every dimension; use innovation to perform at global levels; and create a worthwhile vision and improve every day. This is how our mantra of focusing on speed imagination and excellence in execution will take this company very far. I have absolutely no doubt about it. I wish Kris and my fellow Infoscions the best in their journey forward. The board has been kind enough to name me the Chairman Emeritus. Therefore, I will always be there to add value if asked. Thanks, Narayana Murthy

Development of the Peoples Bank of China

Development of the Peoples Bank of China People’s Bank of China seeking a fresh start in 2030 after a tough period of restructuring People’s Bank of China (PBoC) after experiencing a great collapse in June 2020 is  aiming for a sustainable recovery. A historic tragedy in China which happened in 2020 where PBoC used deposits to write of its Non Performing Loans (NPL) which accounted for more than 4 trillion Yuan. There were problems of shadow borrowing with Chinese banks in the early years of 21st century. There were many issues and many were responsible for the incident but China recovered well considering the fact that last decade taught China a lot over the issues. People realized their fault of relying the banks and banks realizing the fault of relying on the government. But their beliefs were failed as PBoC was not supported by the government during its crisis. PBoC president recalled the event and mentioned that for the past 5 years PBoC was restructuring and reframing rules to make sure that it should really be for People of China. PBoC has also adapted a new policy called ‘Transparent insigh ts’ where it will show where the money deposited was invested and how much interest PBoC get out of it and the risks associated through such investment. There are may new policies announced by PBoC keeping in mind that their customers are their king and with a primary focus that they need serve their customers. Many technologies were adapted to keep track of defaulters and the president of PBoC promised that it would be default proof. People are confident in investing in PBoC after the restructuring which took nearly 10 years. Chinese Yuan after facing a tough time for more than a decade is appreciating and experts believe that Yuan will touch single digits by mid of June 2030. The bank has also introduced a new concept to help the depositors and the stakeholders called ‘Choose your Borrower’. According to this, certain depositors (Preferential) will be given rights to choose their borrower so it becomes easy for the bank that they may not worry too much on the risks involved as the depositor knows who the borrower is and this kind of transparency helps them to service better. Overall PBoC has adapted an environment which is friendly to depositors and stringent to borrowers. Hoping for a good start to the New Year, president told that ‘Friendly Environment for Depositors – by keeping their money and future safer than ever before’. Friendly Environment for FDI: As Yuan appreciates against US strongly over a period of 1 year, it is expected that there would be boom in foreign direct investment (FDI). As expected the FDI started to grow. There has been a repeated complaint by the foreign investors that the Chinese employees have not been treated properly. Employees in China have been forced to work under dangerous environment  with absolutely no security to their own life. This has been raised as an issue when FDI withdrew from China when there was a problem in PBoC (People’s bank of China) in 2020. Keeping in mind all those issues, the Chinese government in coordination with the State owned Entreprises (SOEs) which are responsible for employing people in their own location have decided that people are the most important capital in any economy. China glorified in 20th century was just because of their people’s hard work. The people in China unlike other nations are very hard working. But the government took advantage over thei r commitment and made them work for long hours. Their average working hours per week would be around 60 hours which is 1.5 times that of what has been the norm followed throughout the world. The very common and popular example is Laborers working in factories for Apple faced lots of problems: Exposure to working environment which is very dangerous to life. Living accommodation provided was not fit for living. Using certain chemicals to clean the outer cover without the use of gloves of Apple’s Iphone which was harmful to life. Failing to pay the insurance cost to laborers. This is one such examples of what happened over the last decade. This action by the state owned Corporation (SOE) and the Chinese government’s lazy involvement to this matter was severely condemned by people throughout the world. Even then they followed the same practice. The investors faced lots of problems with the response of Chinese officials in their own country. They were waiting for an opportunity to get out of the country. An opportunity has strike them in the form of PBoC. The investors utilized this opportunity to get their money back home. But after a decade, as the investment climate returned normal, the Chinese government has taken the issue seriously and issued a law for laborers and told that the defaulters would be punished severely. This step forward by Chinese government was appreciated by many investors across the world. China ready for self sufficient solar power system installation: China is all set to use solar energy as its main source of energy. Over the past 5 years, China has been investing  heavily on this project. The project will be successful and is expected to come into existence in another few months. With already many areas in China powered by solar panels, the next aim of China is to eliminate its reliance on fossil fuels. China has already started its research and development in the field of Automobiles to make itself independent form other countries. Driven by the thirst of self sufficiency, China has proved the world that a nation can be independent and it can also make other nations dependent on it for almost everything. The future is sustainable. While all the nations were investing money to improve their economy back in 2010, China invested in possibly all kinds of research projects to make sure that it becomes self sufficient. The work it has put in 2 decades ago has really paid off well today as China will very soon become the first ever c ountry which uses solar power as its major source of energy. With the investment climate getting better due to the measures taken by Chinese government and by the PBoC, many investors started turning into China. When the investment climate is good, China doesn’t need to worry about investing its surplus in infrastructural development projects. With China adapting all the new technologies to minimize its expenditure, many industries started turning their decision to start their factories in China. With everyone approaching China, it’s now the turn for China to choose the best companies to enter into its environment. The changes adapted by China recently are very aggressive and keeping in mind about the future of Chinese people. With this kind of infrastructure China has proved itself as an Asian dragon with an ability to fight any downturns. T20 Cricket world cup in China 2031 China is all ready for its inauguration t20 world cup. With over 2 decaded of existence in cricket, China has finally decided to make it for the t20 version of cricket in the international arena. Speaking about its future plans, (Chinese Cricket Association) CCA chairman told the reporters that they have been planning for the occasion. They were very positive about their scope and their future in cricket. China is the No.1 country known for its olympic champions. Everyone know that Chinese sports people were known for their commitment. They will give their heart and soul to work when they are up for a task. The team contains a mix of youngsters and experienced people who were practicing day and night to get in for their inaugural T20 world cup entry. With China being qualified for T20 world cup 2031, expectations are set high from their people. Many giants of the game were fearing about China’s presence in this world cup. The upcoming world cup will help them to build their future in the area of cricket. The Chinese coach is very confident about their team winning in the world cup. The stadiums are ready for the world cup. With more than an year left, the Chinese cricket fans were eagerly waiting for their home team to put in their good show. With a tremendous performance in the qualifiers round of T20 World cup, China is very confident in getting into the world cup. As the pitch will be very new for all the countries who are about to participate in the upcomeing year, it would be a great challenge to every one. Playing on their home ground is an advantage for China as they have been used to playing in these conditions. The world itself is very much excited with certain new entrants into the cricket. The pitch in China is behaving a bit differently. Sometimes the pitch seems to be as if like england and sometimes the pitch is very dry and very much suitable for batting. With the climatic conditions similar to most of the countries except few asian countries, this would prove to be a good contest overall.

The Sister Revealed :: essays research papers fc

The Sisters Revealed Blog Sisters’ (www.BlogSisters.com) slogan â€Å"Where men can link, but they can’t touch† describes itself very well. The Website is a team blog with over one hundred registered female members of all ages who â€Å"come together to share knowledge, ideas, stories, conversation, wisdom, and the occasional dirty jokes† (Sessum). Jeneane Sessum founded Blog Sisters in February 2002 based on the premise that men bloggers outnumber women bloggers by a great amount. The Sisters come from diverse backgrounds but have a common passion for blogging. The members range in age from upper teens to early 70’s. They come from different countries including Australia, Canada, India, Poland, Russia, and Latvia. Members include married mothers, single mothers, married childless women, single women, professional technicians, writers, employed, unemployed, feminists, and non-feminist women. In this blog women share information, ideas, problems, advice and simply â€Å"vent†. Some of Blog Sisters’ discussions deal with breast cancer, divorce, and human right abuses. Some of the latest posts include a parody of Senate hearings with Condoleezza Rice (Cooper); criticism of Bush’s â€Å"Culture of Life† rally; a review of a book The Good Body by Eve Ensler (Suyaffolee); and a marriage discussion (Wells). The archives of the blog date back to February 2002 with the first entry posted by the founder to welcome the Sisters. Ever since the first entry the members have been posting regularly, from one to fifteen entries a day. It is no surprise that women in this blog are well educated and many have at least one degree in fields such as Literature, English, Educational Administration, Sinology, Journalism, Business, and Neuroscience. Many members are (or were at some point) schoolteachers or college and university instructors. The women appear to be technologically up-to-date: in touch with their computer and web browser skills. Most of the members have a blog of their own. Jill Walker, Elizabeth Lawley, and misbehaving.net are affiliated with Blog Sisters. The posts are versatile: besides politics the blog features topics such as relationships, religion, entertainment, economy, and even a recipe Green Bean Casserole. After reading some of the entries it becomes clear that these women like to mix entertaining, informative and educational comments on every day life. Although the members have different values and opinions there is a sense of mutual respect observed among the women. Despite numerous controversial issues there has never been an inappropriate or offensive comment (Frankonis). A lot of these women live by Laurel Thatcher Ulrich’s quote â€Å"Well-behaved women seldom make history.

Role Model Paper on My Mother -- essays research papers

Role Model Paper on My Mother A role model is someone who you can relate with. It is someone who will be hopefully you learn from and in turn they learn from you. My role model is my mother. She had to go through a summer of hell and this is what happened to her and what I learned to. God gives you certain situations and you have to run with it. I did not want big responsibilities. I figured, â€Å" Why should I worry about them, until I have to.† My way of thinking was selfish. I have always been a little selfish, but caring at the same time. I didn’t have that many real responsibilities. I had your typical chores. I had to do well in school, make sure my room was clean and try not to get in trouble. In my mind, I did not want to grow up until it was necessary. Growing up came all too quickly. In the beginning of May 2001, my mother was diagnosed with rectal and colon cancer. She developed cancer because she had ulcerative colitis since she was in her late twenties. It was always a thought, by many, that if the colitis got out of hand it could result in cancer. This thought never really crossed my mind. I remember the day I found out that my mother had cancer. I came home from school and was eager to get changed and drive over to my girlfriend’s house. I walked into the house and my father was standing at the kitchen counter and my mother was sitting on a chair crying. My father told me to sit down. He explained that my mother had been diagnosed with cancer and that...

Elbow or Shoulder Pain and Professional Baseball Pitchers :: essays papers

Elbow or Shoulder Pain and Professional Baseball Pitchers It’s fair to say that a good baseball game can lie in the hands of the pitcher. According to an article by the American Journal of Sports Medicine, 50 percent of professional baseball pitchers experience elbow or shoulder pain due to the way they throw the ball. Because not much research has been done on professional baseball athletes, the purpose of this publication was to find at what point in the pitcher’s technique does most of the damage occur. The study began by taking 40 pro-baseball pitchers, all ranging from the age of 23-33 years old with relatively the same height and weight. Also, thirty-two of the 40 selected are right-hand dominant. Then they placed 3 cameras in different parts of the field. These cameras would take still frames of the pitchers and their technique when throwing the ball. They found that at the point where there is maximum rotation (aka the cocking phase) the distraction force was low. Also, it was stated that because of the elbow angle at foot stride and ball release that the shoulder joint was affected more so than at any other time. Finally, in order to understand why the injuries occur we should learn the joint ranges of motion so we can develop better preventive methods for injuries. I don’t believe that this article is very reliable, because the way the chose their subject wasn’t very scientifical. First, The range of age is too broad, and it doesn’t mention how long the pitcher has been in the sport. For example, the could have chosen a 23 year old with a good arm, but bad technique compared to a 33 year old who has been pitching for years and has loosened the ligaments in his arm. Also, they selected 32 that were right-hand dominant. That became the majority. I believe that the data would be wrong if the numbers of right-handed to left-handed pitchers weren’t equal, because they are the control group in the experiment, which makes the variable the pitchers’ technique. Overall, this experiment shouldn’t be considered a reference for students or others to depend on. When it comes to the relevancy of this article to the field of athletic training, I believe that it is somewhat helpful. In order to understand and prevent injuries, an athletic trainer must understand why and how the injuries happen.

Change 4 Life Essay

Change 4 Life is a scheme which aims to help everyone, but especially children, to eat well, exercise and therefore hopefully live longer. One of the main principles is to reduce the amount of obesity in the UK. It is a fact that people today are a lot less active than they should be and rather than exercising, people are opting to use their free time watching television and playing the latest computer games. This is proven as only 37% of men and 25% of women in the UK currently achieve the levels of physical activity recommended by the Department of Health. Not only has our daily exercise fallen but how we eat and the type of food we eat has also declined. People are now choosing the easy and more ‘convenient’ option of fast food. Change 4 Life are trying their best to react to peoples new ‘modern day life’, by encouraging people to exercise more frequently and reduce the fat intake in their diet. Physical activity helps to reduce the amount of fat stored in the body and this in turn reduces the risk of contracting life threatening illnesses such as Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Change 4 Life promotes the idea of many different activities, ranging from walking and running to skipping and jumping. They believe that any exercise is better than none. They realise that it is important to have a healthy balanced lifestyle, which should consist of the following, nutritious diet, social life, rest/sleep, free time, physical exercise and control of stress and pressure. Change 4 Life hope to do what their name suggests. Up and About† is the slogan for children with the idea of encouraging them to be active whenever possible. On their website they give suggestions of how this can be done. Many are just simple ideas such as rather than driving to school, walk instead. This not only helps the children but the environment at the same time. They also give tips such as having a disco in the lounge, skipping, hide and seek and dancing. They have also tried to introduce a ‘2 hour maximum TV time’, meaning kids have to try new things out. This would then hopefully encourage children to be more active. On the website they have even created indoor and outdoor games, which can be played by everyone, e. g. the lamp post game that involves racing between each set of lamp posts on the way to school or the shops. Not only does exercise keep you fit and healthy it can help your sleeping pattern, relieve stress so that you feel more relaxed. This is why Change 4 Life recommends that as a family you should try to do sixty minutes of ctivities per day. They say that â€Å"active kids are happy kids†. They also say that it is important to have a well balanced and nutritious diet incorporating at least 5 fruit and vegetables a day. The scheme has loads of suggestions on which items actually count as one of your 5 fruits and veg such as smoothies and frozen and canned vegetables. They also give tips on how to compare food labels so that you become aware what the food contains e. g calories, sugar, salt etc. The way people cook/prepare the food is also essential, as this can increase the amount of fat in someone’s body, especially if it’s cooked in a lot of oil. There are many examples that Change 4 Life give to families to help them, sugar swaps being one of them, so rather than having food and drink with added sugar, they should swap for versions that are either sugar free or have very little sugar. Lastly they have loads of fun family activities such as Swim4Life, Bike4Life, Play4Life and Walk4Life, which are lots of fun and get the whole family involved in an active lifestyle.

Comparison of Setting between Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre Essay

In two literary works, Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, setting plays an important role. Setting can be described as the time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] and place in which an event occurs. It helps the reader to understand the story and where the character is coming from. Both the authors associate setting to the characters in the story. In Wuthering Heights, the setting represents the nature or characteristics of the characters; while in Jane Eyre, the setting has a function to show the character’s development throughout the story. Throughout the novel Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte effectively uses weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56] and setting to give the reader the inside of the personal [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=personal&%3Bv=56] feeling of the characters. The setting used throughout the novel, helps to set the mood to describe the characters. There are two main settings in Wuthering Heights: the houses [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=houses&%3Bv=56] of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. Each house represents its inhabitants. The wild, uncivilized manner of Wuthering Heights and the high cultured, civilized nature of Thrushcross Grange are reflected in the characters who inhabit them. Wuthering Heights is a house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] set high upon a hill where is exposed to extreme weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56] conditions. The name of the place itself is symbolic of its nature, â€Å"Wuthering being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56].† (page 2). Heights is a bleak, thick-walled farmhouse surrounded by wild, windy moors. The Heights is â€Å"strong,† â€Å"built with narrow windows [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=windows&%3Bv=56] and jutting  cornerstones,† and is â€Å"fortified to withstand harsh conditions† (page 2). The path that is nearest to the Heights is long and winding, with â€Å"many pits, at least, were filled to a level; and entire ranges of mounds, the refuse of the quarries . . . blotted from the chart† (page 19). The description of, â€Å"a few stunted firs at the end of the house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56],† and, â€Å"a range of gaunt thorns all stretching their limbs one way, as if craving alms of the sun.† (page 2) proves that even the vegetation surrounding the structure conjures images that lack warmth and happiness.[1] Moreover, as the story goes on, the image of â€Å"a range of gaunt thorns all stretching their limbs one way, as if craving alms of the sun† is similar to the condition of Heathcliff (the thorn) as he tries to ‘reach’ Catherine (the sun) The Heights’ appearance is wild, untamed, disordered, and hard. The characters at Heights tend to be strong, wild, and passionate, much like the house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] itself. Heathcliff is Wuthering Height’s human incarnation. He is abusive, brutal and cruel, and as wild and dark as the moors surrounding Heights.[2] Catherine is stubborn, mischievous, wild, impulsive, and arrogant; Hindley is wild, uncontrollable, jealous and revengeful. In Heights, everyone shouts; pinching, slapping and hair [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=hair&%3Bv=56] pulling occur constantly. Catherine, instead of shaking her gently, wakes Nelly Dean up by pulling her hair [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=hair&%3Bv=56].[1] â€Å"The bleak and harsh nature of the Yorkshire hills is not a geographic accident. It mirrors the roughness of those who live there†[2] As a whole, Heights symbolizes hate, anger, and jealousy. Opposite of Wuthering Heights, Thrushcross Grange is set within a lush, protected valley and is covered by a high stonewall. It is filled with light and warmth â€Å"Unlike Wuthering Heights, it is elegant and comfortable-‘a splendid place carpeted with crimson, and crimson covered chairs and tables, and a pure white ceiling bordered by gold’.†[1] It is surrounded by neat, orderly parks and gardens. The Grange is extremely luxurious and beautiful; filled with music [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=music&%3Bv=56],  books [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=books&%3Bv=56], and other lovely objects which express a civilized, controlled atmosphere. The house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] is neat and orderly, comfortable and refined, and there is always an abundance of light.[2] The characters at the Grange are passive, civilized, and calm, which personifies the house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] they live in. The Lintons are all very polite, respectable people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56]. They are characterized as having, â€Å"pure, pale skin,† and â€Å"light hair [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=hair&%3Bv=56].† The residents of this house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] have much lighter-sounding names than those in Heights — Edgar and Isabella. Isabella and Edgar Linton are well behaved and gentle, as refined and civilized as the Grange; Catherine Linton is energetic and warm-hearted, relating to the bright, cheery air of the Grange.[2] In contrast, Heights is governed by natural elements, especially wind, water [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=water&%3Bv=56], fire, and animals. The world at Grange, however, revolves around reason, formality, and money [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=money&%3Bv=56].[2] Heathcliff and Catherine belong to the natural and immaterial world while the Lintons live in a purely material society. Moreover, the inhabitants of Heights were working-class, while those of the Grange were upper-class society. All of the characters in the novel also reflect the masculine and feminine values of the places they live in. Heights is extremely masculine in that it is strong, wild, and primitive, whereas the Grange is seen as more feminine with marked decadence and gentility.[2] Catherine Earnshaw is willful, wild, and strong (masculine) while Edgar Linton is described as weak person (feminine). Heathcliff is always out of place at Grange because he is absolutely masculine. The Lintons are a contrast to Catherine and Heathcliff in that they are safe, spoiled, and cowardly as opposed to being self-willed, strong, and rebellious.[2] When Edgar Linton insults  Heathcliff, Heathcliff throws a bowl of hot applesauce on Edgar, and in response Edgar whines and cries instead of fighting back. While Heights was always full of activity, sometimes to the point of chaos, life at the Grange always seemed peaceful. Heights was always in a state of storminess while Grange always seemed calm.[1] Brontà « made Heathcliff and Wuthering Heights as one, making them both cold, dark, and menacing, similar to a storm. She also made Thrushcross Grange parallel with the Lintons, which has more of a welcoming, peaceful setting. The marriage of Edgar and Catherine is doomed from the very beginning not only because she does not love [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=love&%3Bv=56] him, but also because each one is so strongly associated with the values of his or her home [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=home&%3Bv=56]. Only Hareton and Catherine Linton can sustain a successful mutual relationship because each embodies the psychological characteristics of both Heights and Grange.[2] Catherine appears to display more Linton characteristics than Earnshaw, but her desire to explore the wilderness outside of the Grange links her strongly to the wild Heights people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56]. Hareton is rough on the edges because of the influence Heathcliff has had on him, but he has a kind and gentle heart as well as a desire to learn and better himself, which makes for an interesting combination of the characteristics of each household. At the end of the story, the garden that Cathy Linton planted is filled with twisted fir trees and domestic plant. These two kinds of plants joining together represent her personality very well. She has wildness, as the twisted fir tree like her mother, and civility as the domestic plants like her father.[2] Emily Bronte also uses weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56] and seasons to create atmosphere and reflect the feelings of the characters. For example, after Heathcliff runs away: â€Å"There was a violent wind, as well as thunder† and a â€Å"storm came rattling over the Heights in full fury† (page 53). This  emphasizes the storm of feelings in the characters concerned.[3] Bronte is able to allow the outer weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56] to symbolize the inner emotional state of Catherine.[4] Other example of changes in the weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56] is when Cathy’s mood changes after her meeting with Heathcliff: â€Å"The rain began to drive through the moaning branches of the trees, and warned us to avoid delay†¦Catherine’s heart was clouded now in double darkness† (page 148).[3] Toward the end of the novel, around the time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] of Lockwood’s return to visit Heights, the weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56] suddenly becomes kinder and the setting is friendlier[4] â€Å"It was sweet, warm weather† (page 192). There was â€Å"a fragrance of stocks [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=stocks&%3Bv=56] and wall flowers [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=flowers&%3Bv=56], [that] wafted on the air, from amongst them homely fruit trees†. This represents the peaceful in the Heights. Fundamentally, Bronte’s Wuthering Heights is a tale of two very different households that produce two very different types of people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56]. As its name suggests, Wuthering Heights is exposed to the wildness of the elements, and it first generation characters are associated with the ‘heights’ of passion. Thruscross Grange has gentler, more cultivated, perhaps Christian (‘cross’) connotations, and it first generation characters are more civilized. In the second generation, the contrast becomes blurred, as Cathy and Hareton plant flowers [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=flowers&%3Bv=56] from the Grange in their garden at the Heights, and finally move to the Grange.[3] Connecting the setting with the time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] the novel was written, the contrast between the houses [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=houses&%3Bv=56] portrays the death or decline of Romanticism. Heights is representative of Romantic excess;  wild, passionate, hard. Romantics worshipped nature and were quick to show emotion and/or passion. The Heights is Romanticism taken to excess. Grange, on the other hand, represents the predominant Victorian values of the time–repression of emotions, education [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=education&%3Bv=56], and money [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=money&%3Bv=56]. The end of Wuthering Heights (Cathy and Hareton abandoning Heights and moving [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=moving&%3Bv=56] to Grange) represents the end of Romanticism, and the ultimate dominance of Victorian values.[5] For Jane Eyre, the settings describe the development in Jane’s life. Charlotte Bronte sets her story in the 1840’s, a time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] often referred as the Victorian age. By doing this, the reader can get a sense of how women were treated, and what responsibilities they were required to maintain in society. Jane lives in a world and in a time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] where society thought women were too fragile to ponder. Women at the time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] have barely any rights at all and are not allowed prominent positions.[6] Jane was a very strong woman for her time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56], as she did not allow people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56] to mistreat her. She is on a constant search [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=search&%3Bv=56] for love [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=love&%3Bv=56] and goes to many places to find it. Throughout Jane Eyre, as Jane herself moves from one physical location to another (Gateshead Hall, Lowood Institution, Thornfield Manor, Moor House [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=House&%3Bv=56], and Ferndean Manor), the settings match the conflicting circumstances Jane finds herself in at each. â€Å"Each time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] Jane moves from one locale to another the narrative breaks to set the scene and stress [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=stress&%3Bv=56] that this setting  will form a new stage in Jane’s life†[7] As Jane grows older and her hopes and dreams change, the settings she finds herself in are perfectly accustomed to her state of mind, but her circumstances are always defined by the walls, real and figurative, around her.[8] As a young girl, she is essentially trapped in Gateshead. Her life as a child is sharply delineated by the walls of the house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56]. She is not made to feel wanted within them and her emotional needs were ignored. Another place, Lowood, is bounded by high walls that sharply define Jane’s world. Except for Sunday services, the girls of Lowood never leave the limits of those walls. Jane has always lived within physical walls and even as a teacher at Lowood had to get permission to leave. Thornfield is in the open country and Jane is free [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=free&%3Bv=56] from restrictions on her movements. She is still restricted, in a sense, but now she is living with relative freedom.[8] This home [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=home&%3Bv=56] was a turning point in Jane’s life because it was the place that major maturing took place in Jane’s life. She finally was able to feel true love [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=love&%3Bv=56] and be loved back, and the love that she had was true love. At Moor House [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=House&%3Bv=56], the walls that Jane finds herself within are attractive because of the companionship of Mary and Diana. In the end, she returns to Rochester at Ferndean and, she thinks, to the walls that suit her best. All the walls that had restricted her are gone. She has moved beyond the walls and can be the person that she truly is.[8] This home [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=home&%3Bv=56] was very different than the other ones that Jane lived in; it was the one that she was truly happy in although it was just a simple home [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=home&%3Bv=56]. Each setting is dominated by different tone. At Gateshead, the tone is passionate, superstitious, and wild. This shows us the irrational elements in Jane’s character. The tone at Lowood is cold, hard, and constrained and reflects the limitations placed on young women by religious thought and social convention. At Thornfield, the setting is personal [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=personal&%3Bv=56] and symbolic, for instance the house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] itself is identified with Rochester.[7] At Moor House [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=House&%3Bv=56] the tone again becomes more stifling and oppressive as Jane slips back into a more conventional way of behaving, and begin to feel the limitations of St John’s urge to self-sacrifice.[7] When we finally reach Ferndean, we move at last from fear and anticipation to delight. The novel therefore swings between the irrational – Gateshead and Thornfield – and the ratio nal – Lowood and Moor House [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=House&%3Bv=56] – reflecting the division within Jane herself, until resolution is achieved at Ferndean.[7] Here, we can see that Bronte uses setting as an important role in the search [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=search&%3Bv=56] for domesticity. Instead of returning to her childhood home [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=home&%3Bv=56] to find domesticity, Jane cannot find home [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=home&%3Bv=56] until she moves to a totally different place. Setting plays an equally important role as she moves from Gateshead Hall to Lowood to Thornfield to Moor House [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=House&%3Bv=56], and finally to Freudian Manor. She cannot find her native ideal at Gateshead Hall, the site of her childhood torment; or Lowood, a boarding school; or Thornfield, where Rochester hid his first wife and almost became a bigamist; or Moor House [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=House&%3Bv=56], where St. John’s presence constantly reminds her of true love [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=love&%3Bv=56] rarity. She and Rochester can on ly create their own domestic haven in a totally new and fresh setting. Consequently, by allowing Jane to go through so many different settings, Bronte is showing the growth that she undergoes. This growth is from a temperamental young girl to a strong married woman. From those two novels discussed here, we can see that both authors use setting as an important mean in building the characters. If in Wuthering Heights the setting has a function to tell about the character’s nature; where each character distinctly represents the house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] he or she lives in and the values associated with it; then Jane Eyre uses setting to show the development happens in the character’s life. From here, we can see that the setting seems to mimic the feeling of the individuals that are within the novel.

Notes on Psychology

Mary Insinuators: Methods: Insinuators performed a longitudinal study in Uganda. She used home visits, naturalistic observations, and interviews with the mothers of the children, using an Interpreter. The babies ranged from 15 weeks to two years old when the study began, and were observed every two weeks for nine months In a natural environment (the family living room). A researcher observes a child's reactions when a mother briefly leaves her child alone in an unfamiliar room. The way the child behaves during the separation and upon the mother's return can reveal Important Information about attachment.Four categories of behaviors were assured and observed: (1 ) separation anxiety: the unease the infant showed when left by the caregiver, (2) the infant's willingness to explore, (3) stranger anxiety: the Infant's response to the presence of a stranger, and (4) reunion behavior: the way the caregiver was greeted on return The observer noted the behavior displayed and scored the behavio r for intensity on a scale of 1 to 7. Describe the Work of Bowl Bowl was one of the most influential theorists In the area of children's emotional and social development Define â€Å"Attachment† Attachment is the emotional bond between child and caregiver.It can be observed from around 7 months of age, and manifests itself as separation anxiety in the child when the caregiver is not present. A key element in attachment is parent sensitivity Name the 3 Main Theories of Attachment The Strange Situation Paradigm (Insinuators) which showed the different categories of attachment. Bellboy's Internal Working Model, which showed how early attachment patterns resulted in internal schemas about relationships.Continuity Patterns in Romantic Love (Hazy and Shaver), which showed childhood patterns were repeated In adult romantic relationships, and Social ND cultural Factors In Attachment (Van l]candor and Greenberg, Malarkey,et al, which showed attachment patterns were constant cross-cult urally, but which were most prevalent varied by cultural parenting styles. Describe Insinuator's â€Å"Strange Situation Paradigm† An experiment that measured the anxiety and behavior between Infant and mother through a combinations of separations and reunions.Also featured in the â€Å"Strange Situation† was the introduction of a stranger, someone not known to the child, in order to observe the child's reaction Name the 3 Categories of I OFF stressed when mother leaves, seeks contact upon her return. Ambivalent Attachment (type C): infant is distress when mother leaves, quickly seeks contact upon return, but then rejects mother Avoidance Attachment (type A): infant show no distress when mother leaves, avoids contact upon return, and is not afraid of the stranger.Typical of babies of unresponsive mothers. Describe the 4th Attachment Category added by Main and Solomon (1990) Insecure/Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment (type D): child shows no reaction to mother leaving or returning. Associated with abused children. Research Evidence for Attachment Theory: Insinuators (1969) Agenda Project Observed 28 Uganda mothers interacting with their child through naturalistic observations in the home. Measured mother's sensitivity to infants signals and needs, identified as 2 key factors in attachment.If a secure attachment is formed the child will feel worthy of love and attention. This internal model tends to be reproduced in adult relationships. Explain Bellboy's Theory of Attachment History The internal working model reflects an individual's experiences about the accessibility of attachment figure, different experiences may explain different attachment patterns, as well as attachment disorders What does the study of Social and Cultural Factors tell us about Attachment?Cross cultural studies tend to confirm the four attachment categories, but also show different distributions, based on differing cultural practices. Research Evidence for Social and Cultura l Differences in Attachment: Van Condoner and Greenberg (1988) Looked at 32 studies from 8 countries, covering 2,000 infants. They found, for example, that Japan showed more ambivalent attachment than the West, but no avoidance attachment. Secure attachment was more common in the West.Explain Continuity Attachment Patterns in Romantic Love The theory is that the patterns of attachment form in early childhood and that are translated into schemas via the inner working model repeat themselves in adult romantic relationships Research Evidence for Continuity Attachment Theory: Hazy and Shaver (1978) Compared attachments with parents to romantic adult attachments. Assumed inner workings model, and then compared self-reported attachment ACH of Insinuator's categories were roughly the same.Further, secure lovers described their relationships as happy, trusting and friendly, Avoidance lovers displayed fear of intimacy, emotional highs and lows, as well as Jealousy. Bivalent attachment charac terized romantic love as obsessive, filled with highs and lows, extreme sexual attraction, and Jealousy Evaluation of Hazy and Shaver (1978) Supported idea that attachment styles could be found in adult romantic love. Some concern that sample was self-selected and disproportionately female. Forced choices may have skewed the data. However, a follow by Hazy and Shaver ten years later replicated the results.Research Evidence for Social and Cultural Differences in Attachment: Mistake et al. (1985) Explained attachment differences between US and Japan. Japanese mothers put greater emphasis on close relationships, but urge children to develop their own identity and solve problems with a wider social group. US children are more independent, but rely on adults to solve problems. US shows more avoidance attachment, a consequence of independence, while Japanese children show more secure attachment and are more sensitive to group needs as adults.

Bully Prevention Program Essay

This program has become successful at the Midway elementary school in Utah, because it is ran off of four hallmarks which are: Lead to systematic change, garner commitment for all, teach comprehensive strategies and skills and continue year after year. Within the paper, I will discuss my belief of the succession of this type of program in an elementary school setting in inner city Philadelphia schools. Bully Prevention Program In recent years, bullying within schools has become one of the most serious issues we have been faced with. Data shows that children as young as age 11 have committed suicide because they were no longer able to deal with the pressure of being bullied. Because of this and other factors involving school bullying, congress have begun to work on a legislation called the safe school improvement act, which require schools to collect data and establish certain guidelines regarding disciplinary actions and they must also come up with a system to register complaints to combat bullying within their schools. However, since this is not a law that has been enacted, Brent Burnham, a school counselor at Midway Elementary School in Midway, Utah has decided to implement her own school wide bullying prevention program at her school. The bully prevention program at Midway elementary was implemented 7 years ago. Within the program, Burnham has developed four core principles that she believes has made their program successful. The first of the four principles is, lead to systematic change. This principle says that there must be a change within the school at all levels and there must be a change ithin the community as well, because in order for the program to be successful, you must change the culture of the schools environment. The second principle that Burnham implemented was garner commitment for all. This principle says that all of the schools staff, including the school bus driver, should be on board with the implementation of the program for the program to be a success. The third principle in the bully prevention program is, to teach comprehensive strategies and skills. This principle says that effective programs must be comprehensive and there are certain skills that are required by the staff so that they can identify a bullying situation. And the final principle is to continue year after year. In order for the program to be a full success, it must be consistent in what it provides. Often times, schools will start a program but will not follow through with it year after year and the program will then fizzle out. The bully prevention program at Midway elementary also has key components which are implemented sequentially. These components are, administrative support: you must have the support from the staff and the school administration, and a strong support team. Data: proper record keeping must be kept; also the program should be evaluated. Staff training: all staff should be trained on how to recognize and identify bullies and their victims and also be able to determine if a situation is a true violation of the no bullying policy that has been set forth. Student awareness and education: all should be fully aware of the bully policy and clear on the consequences if the policy is violated. There should also be lessons taught to the students about bullying and bully prevention. Critical social skills training to the students: Once the basics have been taught to the students, they will still need additional training on this policy so continuous guidance lesson plans will need to be developed and taught throughout the school. Lastly, targeted intervention for bullies and victims: by keeping proper records of the bullying incident that occur within the school, it will be easy to identify bullies and their targeted victims. Once these children are identified, there will be specific programs for these children. The bullies will express why it is they bully and help will be provided to those students and the victims so they can try to get over the fear they may have. After reading this article, I find that there are some pros and cons to this type program being implemented at inner city schools in Philadelphia. One pro of having this type of program would be to lower the crime rate within the schools. Often times, children bullying other children lead to more violent crimes, for instance, the shooting that happened at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado. Two students embarked on a massacre killing 12 of their classmates and one teacher because they were fed up with being bullied. By having this type of program and addressing these issues early, these types of crimes or less serious crimes can be prevented. Another pro to this type of program is that it teaches children social skills and teach them how to manager their anger and behavior. This program can increase the children’s level of awareness on how bullying can extremely affect their victims and themselves. Another pro to the bully prevention program is that it offers training to the staff. This is a great idea so that everyone will be on the same page in the fight to eliminate and prevent bullying. Also, providing intervention to the bullies is great as well. You have to teach children things while they are young. If this type of program is successfully implemented in elementary schools and in middle and high schools, bullying can be virtually eliminated. However, with pros, there are also cons to the program. One con is trying to get everyone on board. Within the city of Philadelphia, it is historically known that many parents do not partake in their child’s education in the manner that they should, this is one reason why the high school dropout rate is so high. So; trying to get parents on board for the no bullying program may be hard. Since this program is set up for all stakeholders to be involved, without parents help, the program may not be as successful. Another con to this program is the term and definition of bullying being misunderstood and misinterpreted by the staff that is to put into action the consequences for this behavior. What you do not want to happen is, children who are simply horse playing or just kidding around with one another being accused of bullying when that was not the case. The training to the staff must be thorough and put into clear plain terms so little is left to be assumed. With bullying becoming an epidemic, I believe this type of program is definitely needed and has the potential to be successful within all levels of schools within the School District of Philadelphia. The program may need to be tweaked for each grade level (elementary, middle and high school) but if it is implemented properly it could be a success. School counselors are in a unique position with having to put in place such a program and to be sure that it work, but this is why they are trained very well to address these types of social emotional behaviors. Although the pros of having such a program out weight the cons, the major problem that could be a potential road block for implementing the program is funding. The School District of Philadelphia has reached a plateau in its budget deficit and recently laid off many of its employees including the superintendent. However, with the right proposal for the program, I can not see this being turned down by the board. I think this is something that is definitely needed so that we as counselors can save our children and our community. References Burnham, Brent. (2011, July 1). School wide bully prevention program. http://schoolcounselor. membershipsoftware. org/article_content. asp? article=1215.